损害赔偿中的损益相抵规则及其适用.pdf

损害赔偿中的损益相抵规则及其适用 摘 要 I摘 要 本文针对损害赔偿法中的损益相抵规则展开了研究在研究思路上，从损益相抵的问题性质入手，展现了该规则在我国理论研究、立法和司法中的现状，继而对损益相抵的概念、理论渊源、立法例等基本问题展开研究，并深入分析该规则在司法实践中的适用问题，最终提出相关立法建议在研究方法上，运用比较研究和实务分析相结合的方法，将损益相抵规则的理论与我国的司法实践相结合 本文共分为四个部分 第一部分 问题提出：损益相抵的问题性质及在我国的境遇从两个案例的分析入手，提出损益相抵并非仅是简单的事实判断或法律技术问题，而更是一个重要的法律判断和法律适用问题在此基础上，展现了我国对此问题的理论研究、立法和司法实践中的现状，分析了对损益相抵规则进行研究的重要意义 第二部分 理论溯源：损益相抵基本问题的展开主要综合归纳了损益相抵规则的概念和基本特征、理论根据，对损益相抵进行了历史考察和域外考察对损益相抵的理论根据问题，在传统的利益说和禁止得利说的基础上，对学界目的论的解释进行了阐释。

为了进一步明确损益相抵的内涵，还对损益相抵与过失相抵、减损规则、让与请求权等相关概念进行了辨析 第三部分 实务探讨：损益相抵规则的适用条件和适用方法结合大量案例和实务问题，详细分析了损益相抵规则的三个构成要件，即损害赔偿之债成立；赔偿权利人因同一损害事实而受有利益；损害事实与所受利益之间有因果关系在此基础上，对司法实践中损益相抵规则应当如何具体适用，如何具体计算以及适用中的相关程序问题进行了阐述同时，对于精神损害赔偿以及知识产权侵权赔偿中是否适用损益相抵进行了初步的延伸讨论 第四部分 立法建言：关于建立我国损益相抵制度的初步建议针对我国尚未明确规定损益相抵制度的现状，分析了原因，从立法方式、立法内容以及立法步骤方面提出了初步建议 关键词：损害赔偿 损益相抵 基本问题 适用 立法建议 作 者：符东杰 指导老师：方新军Abstract The Rules of Gains Offset the Losses in Compensation Law and the Application IIThe Rules of Gains Offset the Losses in Compensation Law and the Application Abstract In this thesis, the rules of Gains Offset the Losses in Compensation Law is mainly investigated. At the thought, from the nature of the problems of Gains offset the Losses start to show the theory，legislative and judicial situation of the rule in our country, and then for the concept, theoretical origin, the enactment of legislation such as the basic problems of Gains Offset the Losses to commenced the study,and in-depth analyzed the application in the judicial practice of the rule, and ultimately made relevant legislative proposals.In research methods, used the Comparative Method and Practice Analysis Method, contacted the theory and the judicial practice of Gains Offset the Losses together. This article is divided into four parts. The first part， Statement of problem: The nature of the problem of Gains Offset the Losses and the and the situation in our country. Started from the analysis of the two cases, pointed out that Gains Offset the Losses is not just a simple fact or law determine the technical issues, but rather an important legal judgments and legal applicability. On this basis, showed the theoretical research, legislation and judicial practice in the actuality in our country, then analyzed the importance of research of Gains Offset the Losses. The second part，Theoretical Origin: The expand of the basic problem of Gains offset the Losses. Expounded the concept, the basic characteristics and the theoretical basis of the rules of Gains Offset the Losses， researched the history and foreign situation of the Gains Offset the Losses. For the problem of the basis of the theory of Gains Offset the Losses, on the basis of traditional Interest Theory and No Benefit Theory, explained the Objective Theory in the academia. To further explain the content of Gains Offset the Losses, analyzed the differences between Gains Offset the Losses and a few The Rules of Gains Offset the Losses in Compensation Law and the Application Abstract IIIother similar concepts. The third part, Practice discussions: The applicable conditions and applicable methods of Gains Offset the Losses. With a large number of cases and practical issues, analyzed three tatbestands of Gains Offset the Losses in detail. The first, the debt for compensation is established; the second, the rights holders benefited by the same damage; the third, there have the causality between the damage to the facts and benefit. On this basis, expounded how to implement, how to calculation the amount of compensation, and analyzed the question of procedure of the Gains Offset the Losses. The fourth part, Legislative suggestions: The preliminary suggest of set up the institution of Gains Offset the Losses in our country. For the status of that we have no institution of Gains Offset the Losses, analyzed the reasons, and put forward the preliminary suggest of legislation mode, contents of the legislation and legislative steps. Key words：：compensation for damage, Gains Offset the Losses, basic problem, application, legislative proposal Written by：Fu dong jie Supervised by：Fang xin jun 损害赔偿中的损益相抵规则及其适用 引 言 1引 言 当事人的侵权行为或者违约行为往往会给受害人造成损害，因此而应当承担损害赔偿责任，然而有时这些行为也会同时给受害人带来利益。

例如，承租人对房主的房产擅自进行装修，对所有人的物权造成了损害，而这种装修有时也可能会给房产造成增值，这种增值就是一种新生利益那么，在进行损害赔偿时，把这一部分利益扣除，就是适用了损益相抵的规则 损益相抵是确定损害赔偿数额的一项重要规则，其来源于损害赔偿的填补功能，是民法公平合理和诚实信用的基本原则的体现损害赔偿的主旨在于填补受害人的损失，而不在于使受害人获得额外的利益，因此赔偿数额应与侵权或违约行为造成的损害相一致，过多或过少都是与民法的基本原则相违背的正是由于损益相抵规则的不言自明的公理性，所以在中外法律中很多都未明文规定，而是依据公平原则在司法实践中自然适用然而，随着社会生活的发展，影响损害赔偿的类型和因素都呈现出一定的复杂性，而损害的补救措施也是多元化的，各种保险赔偿、社会救济与赔偿权利人的补救相互交织在一起，各种扣除情形与损益相抵情形的相互交织，从而引起损益相抵的区分和判断问题 在我国，损益相抵规则远未得到应有的重视，表现在立法中，无论是《民法通则》还是《合同法》或是《侵权责任法》 ，都未专设条文对此予以规定，至今立法仍无关于此规则的规定，仅有的与此相关的一个司法解释还是 1991 年最高人民法院作出的《关于赵正与尹发惠人身损害赔偿案如何适用法律问题的复函》 ；而在理论界，损益相抵规则亦备受旁落，大多著述中都只是将其作为损害赔偿原则一章中的一小节而随笔带过即是，至今尚缺乏深入、系统的研究。

然而与此相对的是，在司法实践中，损益相抵规则已经在具体裁判中予以适用由于缺乏必要的立法规。