应用型大学英语综合教程一unit3.ppt
99页
上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Book I应应 用用 型型 大大 学学 英英 语语 系系 列列 教教 程程 Application-oriented college English Course 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextØLanguage Skills DevelopmentØLanguage in UseØEnhancement of Language Abilities Unit 3Unit ThreeTable of Contents2 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1 contentBackNextØStarterØText: The jumpers ØWorking with words and phrasesØDiscussionØPractice: interpretingØPractice: translationØPractice: writingØSurfing the InternetØHighlightsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentTable of Contents3 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1highlightsBackNext HighlightsS: A song: that’s the way of the world L: A job hunting experienceR: The jumpers W: Compound sentences (2)Internet work: Introducing the employee benefitsPart 1 Language Skills Development4 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1starterBack Next1. StarterA. Read the lyrics of a song. Then listen to the tape or the CD and sing in chorus. 5 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1starterBackNext1.StarterMind Mapjob-seeker /()/ n. 求职者 keen // a. 激烈的at a loss 迷茫，不知所措 trivial // a. 琐碎的depression // n. 沮丧，消沉 enroll // vi. 报名（参加）the Employment Program for the Middle-aged 4050就业工程 workshop // n. 短期集训 panic // vi. 害怕 relieve // vt. 减轻 6 B. Listen to a job hunting experience. Then decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1starterBackNext( ) 1. My job had been handling household chores before I lost my job and took the retraining course. ( ) 2. I found some jobs, but none of them lasted long.( ) 3. I enrolled for the Employment Program for the Middle- aged, but Mrs. Lam didn’t. ( ) 4. I understood my instructor’s remarks on hearing them. FTFF1.Starter7 It never occurred to me that the ownership of the tuck shop would be transferred and I would lose my job. I had never been engaged in any other field. So, I took the retraining course for domestic helpers to learn how to handle household chores. Just like other job-seekers, I had to face keen competition after the course. None of my jobs lasted long, and I felt helpless. I felt at a loss. I was scared and the sky seemed to be falling down. I lost my temper even over very trivial things. My friends said that it was not the way I had been. While I was in a state of depression, Mrs. Lam asked me to enroll in the Employment Program for the Middle-aged together with her. (To be continued)上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1starterBackNextTapescript 1.Starter8 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1starterBackNextThen I attended the workshop under the Program. At first I only tried my luck, but later on I began to realize that it was quite useful. I recalled what an instructor said, “You can’t change the weather, but you can change your mood.” I didn’t quite get it when it first came to my ear. Now I understood what he meant was that we should not panic in the face of difficulty. Only then would we be able to make the best of our talents. After attending a number of interviews, I finally got a suitable job. It gave me a salary and relieved the pressure of basic needs.1.Starter9 BackNextFocus1 Text lead inText Lead inWarm up: A job hunting experience Discuss the following picture in pairs. How do you think this IKEA’s interview 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 10 BackNextFocus1 Text lead inText Lead in1. Have you had job-hunting experience? Tell us the story if you have?2. How do you think the company choose their candidate? Introduce some tools to us?上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Warm-up11 Text organizationBackNextBackground of the competition. (Para.1) (Paras. 2-4)The Flea and the Grasshopper brag about their backgrounds. (Paras. 2-3)People’s curiosity and guessing about the Leap-frog’s background. (Para. 4)The competition and its result. (Paras. 5-10)The three jumpers’ performance in the competition. (Paras. 5-8) (Paras. 9-10)Conclusion of the fable: the moral. (Paras. 11-12)上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Text Lead inIntroductions of the three jumpers.The reason the Leap-frog won the Princess12 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 1 Once upon a time a Flea, a Grasshopper and a Leap-frog wanted to find out which of them could jump highest, and they invited the world and his wife to see the show. When the three of them were in the room together you could tell that they were all really good at jumping. “I’ll give my daughter to whoever jumps highest!” said the King. It would be a shame for them to jump for nothing.Translation 跳高比赛 1 1 从前有一天，跳蚤，蚱蜢和跳蛙想看看他们谁跳得最高，于是便请了各界人士来观看他们的表演。
他们一进屋子，人们就能看出他们果真个个都是跳高能手谁跳得最高，我就把公主嫁给他！”国王说要是跳了半天一无所获，那就太可惜了 Meaning: It would be a pity if the winner couldn’t get any reward after the competition.Meaning: …they invited all the people to come and see their competition. the world and his wife is a British idiom which is normally used informally to suggest “a very large number of people”. e.g. He saw clearly that all the world and his wife expected something of him, but what exactly, he could not make out. In spoken English, shame is used in it’s a shame/what a shame when you wish a situation was different, and you feel sad or disappointed ([口]不应该的事情；令人惋惜的事).e.g. It is a shame to be so wasteful. 这样浪费太可惜了。
What a shame to treat you like that! 那样对待你真是太不公平了!2. Text: The jumpers e.g. a. Give it to him. He asks for it first. Give it to whoever asks for it first.b. We will hire him. You recommend him. We will hire whomever you recommend.e.g. a. Whoever is elected will serve a four-year term. b. Whomever you elect will serve a four-year term. In spoken English, shame is used in it’s a shame/what a shame when you wish a situation was different, and you feel sad or disappointed ([口]不应该的事情；令人惋惜的事).e.g. It is a shame to be so wasteful. What a shame to treat you like that! show: n. 演出；表演；节目e.g. She has her own talk show. Question about Para. 113 1. What did the Flea, the Grasshopper and the Leap-frog want to find out? The Flea, the Grasshopper and the Leap-frog wanted to find out who could jump highest in order to decide which of them could marry the Princess.2. Text: The jumpersBackNext上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 14 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 2 The Flea came forward first. He had elegant manners and nodded to all present, for he had noble blood in him and was accustomed to mixing in human society, and that meant a good deal. Next came the Grasshopper, who was considerably stouter, but looked very fine in the green uniform he wore. Moreover, he said he came of a very old family in the land of Egypt, and was highly thought of over here as well. (to be continued) manners: n. 礼貌，规矩，教养e.g. Didn’t your parents teach you any manners? It’s bad manners to talk with your mouth full. manner: 做某事的方式、态度或某事发生的方式 e.g. Each terminal shall operate in a manner that does not cause trucks to queue for more than 30 minutes. Bush was acting in a very gracious and cooperative manner toward President-elect Barack Obama. think highly of somebody/something also think a lot of somebody/something: 尊重，看得起e.g. Your boss must think highly of you if she gives you so much responsibility. The old professor was highly thought of in the medical world. Meaning: He has an honorable family background and always spends his time living with human beings, and this proves that he was exceptionally excellent. Translation 2 2 第一个出场的是跳蚤。
他优雅地向观众点头致意他血统高贵，且经常出入人类社会，光这一点就不得了接着出场的是蚱蜢，相比之下他矮壮不少，但是他穿着那身绿色制服，显得非常顺眼况且，他声称其祖上是埃及的一个古老家族，他在本地也备受尊崇2. Text: The jumpers elegant: a. 1)（外观或举止）优雅的，雅致的 e.g. Our Chinese teacher is a tall, elegant young man. 2) 简洁的，简练的 e.g. They have produced an elegant solution to this problem. I was entirely attracted by the elegant design of the house. be accustomed to: 习惯于e.g. The old man is accustomed to getting up early. 注意，to 在这个短语里是介词，和get used to中的to 相同，所以后接动名词Also: become/grow/get accustomed to somethinge.g. Her eyes quickly became accustomed to the dark. nod at sb: 向某人点头示意e.g. The judge nodded at the defendant to proceed. e.g. Mary nodded her head sympathetically. Father nodded his acceptance. have a nodding acquaintance (with sb.) 与某人是点头之交e.g. Mr. Smith is just a nodding acquaintance of my father. present: a. [人] 在场的，出席的，在座的e.g. Some foreign investors were present at the hearing. A doctor must be present at the ringside. presence: n. 出席，在场，存在 in the presence of somebody/in somebody’s presence: 当着某人的面，有某人在场e.g. He was determined not to groan again in the presence of the manager. I told you not to talk nastily in her presence. blood: n. 出身，血统，家世 e.g. The little girl must have Latin blood in her. The famous actress is a mixed-blood. mix: vi. 交往，相处，交际e.g. The little boy does not mix well with his new classmates. Most of the people he mixed with had nothing to do with movie. Meaning: He behaved gracefully and nodded to all the people watching the show... Meaning: ... and he (the Grasshopper) was greatly respected around this place too. come of: 为……的后裔e.g. Lisa was a teacher who came of Dorset stock. come of something: 由……引起，起因于……e.g. Nothing but trouble will come of this plan. I doubt whether anything will come of these peace initiatives. think highly of somebody/something also think a lot of somebody/something: 尊重，看得起e.g. Your boss must think highly of you if she gives you so much responsibility. The old professor was highly thought of in the medical world. 15 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textThe fact was, he had been just brought out of the fields, and put in a pasteboard house, three stories high, all made of court-cards, with the colored side inwards, and doors and windows cut out of the body of the Queen of Hearts. “I sing so well,” said he, “that sixteen native crickets who have chirped from infancy, but don’t live in a house of cards, have been so annoyed by hearing me that they became even thinner than they were before.” 2. Text: The jumpersQueen: Q 牌 the King: (纸牌) 老K the Knave: 杰克牌，J牌 a red joker 大王 a black joker 小王hearts: （纸牌）红桃 Apart from hearts, we also have spades (黑桃), clubs (草花/梅花) and diamonds (方片) in cards. e.g. the Ace of diamonds 方片A; the Queen of clubs 梅花皇后e.g. The staircase leads to the upper story. The retired doctor lived in a three-storey house alone. The difference between story and floor:e.g. a forty-story-high building e.g. It seems that they have gone to the top floor. BackNextQuestions about Para. 2Translation然而实际情况是他刚从田间过来，住在三层楼高的扑克房子里。
扑克都是花牌，有彩色图案的那一面朝里，门窗都是用红桃皇后裁成的我歌唱得可棒了，”他说道，“有十六只本地蟋蟀，他们不住扑克房，但从小就曲不离口，可自打听了我的歌，就恼羞成疾，身体也日渐消瘦了16 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 2. What was the Flea’s family background?He had noble blood in him. 3. How did the Grasshopper introduce himself? He said he came of a very old family in the land of Egypt, and was highly thought of over here as well.2. Text: The jumpersBackNext17 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 3 Both the Flea and the Grasshopper spoke highly of their own talents, and said they thought they were fit to marry a Princess. 2. Text: The jumpers speak highly of：高度赞扬speak well of：说某人好话，表扬某人 e.g. The boss spoke highly of your team at the meeting. The new manager is so approachable that everyone speaks well of him. speak ill of somebody：说某人坏话，批评某人e.g. Don’t speak ill of your co-workers; try to cooperate with them. talent: n. 1) 天赋；才能；才干天赋；才能；才干e.g. His latest book reveals his hidden talents.The little girl displays a talent for color matching. 2) [C] 有才能的人，人才，天才有才能的人，人才，天才e.g. We are going to hold an exhibition of local talents. BackNextTranslation3 跳蚤和蚱蜢都吹嘘自己如何了得，都说自己才配得上公主。
18 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext4 As for the Leap-frog, he said nothing, but folks believed that meant he was thinking all the harder and when the court dog sniffed him he said he was sure the Leap-frog came from a good family. The old councillor, who had had three orders given him to make him hold his tongue, asserted that the Leap-frog had the gift of prophecy: you could tell from his back whether it was going to be a mild winter or a harsh one, which is more than you can tell from the back of the man who writes the almanac. Translation4 与此同时，跳蛙却一言不发。
人们都以为他在苦苦思索，而那只宫廷犬在嗅过他以后，却说他确信这位跳蛙出身世家那位曾被皇帝赐了三道圣旨保持沉默的老谏官则说，他看得出跳蛙有预言的天赋：看他后背就能知道这个冬天将是暖冬还是严冬这比看历法师的后背要准确得多 Meaning: …but people thought the Leap-frog’s remaining quiet meant that he was thinking very hard about this matter. The structure all the + comparative degree of adj. is used to emphasize the amount or degree to which something is affected. （all the + 形容词比较级，用于强调数量，程度）（由于某事而）更……e.g. Rarity made this commodity all the more desirable. The withdrawal of the foreign funds has made the stock market all the worse. assert: vt. 1) 明确肯定，声称，断言 e.g. She asserted that she was wronged. 2) 维护自己的权利（或权威）e.g. It is legitimate for a manager to assert his authority in workplace. The structure all the + comparative degree of adj. is used to emphasize the amount or degree to which something is affected. （all the + 形容词比较级，用于强调数量，程度）（由于某事而）更……e.g. Rarity made this commodity all the more desirable. The withdrawal of the foreign funds has made the stock market all the worse. 2. Text: The jumpersfolk: n. 1) 人们（非正式或泛指），各位，大伙儿（用作友善称呼）e.g. Folks around here will always lend a hand if you need it. Young folks these days don’t know the meaning of work. 2) [C] 亲戚，家属 （尤指双亲）e.g. Is it OK if I call my folks? “folk culture (民间文化)”, “folk music (民间音乐)”, “folk hero (民族英雄)”, “folk tale (民间故事)”, “folk concert (民间音乐会)”, etc. hold one’s tongue: 保持沉默，不开口e.g. I don’t agree to the manager’s ideas, but I will hold my tongue. If you don’t hold your tongue you’ll have to go outside, Jenny. harsh: a. 1)（气候等）让人难以生活的，严酷的e.g. Many people could not bear such harsh training and quit. 2) 粗糙的；刺耳的；刺目的e.g. be harsh to the ear/eye/touch 刺耳/刺目/扎手e.g. It’s his manner of working that I dislike, more than anything else. We will be more than glad to help you in any way we can. tell： 决定；肯定；确定e.g. It is hard to tell whether he will come or not. You can tell (that) he’s angry when he starts shouting a lot.We can also say “to tell A from B”, and normally use it together with “can/could/be able to”, meaning “to distinguish A from B (辨认A和B；辨别；识别)”.e.g. I can’t tell margarine from butter. They taste alike. Questions about Para. 419 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 4. What did the folks think of the Leap-frog’s silence? 5. What did the councillor think about the Leap-frog?2. Text: The jumpersThe folks thought he was thinking all the harder.The councilor thought that the Leap-frog had a gift of prophecy.20 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 5 “Well, I won’t say anything!” said the old King. “But I can think what I like!” Now it was time for the jumping to begin. The Flea jumped so high that no one could see him, so they said he hadn’t jumped at all, and he was cheating. 6 The Gasshopper jumped only half as high as the Flea, but he jumped right in the King’s face, and the King said that was nasty. 7 The Leap-frog stood there silent for some time, thinking the matter over, until people thought he couldn’t jump at all. e.g. The dog looked half starved. He was half dead with exhaustion. half as adj. as: half the size, amount, etc. of something elsee.g. The new machine has all the same functions, but is only half as large as the old one. think sth. over:（尤指在作出决定前）仔细思考，慎重思考e.g. Please give him more time to think the matter over. I’ve been thinking over what you said. 2. Text: The jumpersBackNextQuestion about Para. 5Translation5 “嗯，我不想说什么！”国王说，“我只想我所想的！”比赛开始了。
跳蚤跳得太高了，高的人们都看不到，所以人们说他根本就没跳，是在骗他们 6 蚱蜢跳得只有跳蚤的一半高，可他不偏不倚，正好跳到了国王的脸上，国王说这太恶心了 7 跳蛙默默地站立了好一会儿，沉思着，以至于人们开始怀疑他根本就不会跳高 think sth. over:（尤指在作出决定前）仔细思考，慎重思考e.g. Please give him more time to think the matter over. I’ve been thinking over what you said. 21 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 6. Did the King voice his opinion on the three jumpers’ abilities?No, the King didn’t voice his opinion. 2. Text: The jumpers22 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 8 “I hope he doesn’t feel sick!” said the court dog, sniffing him again. Whoosh! The Leap-frog gave a little leap and landed in the lap of the Princess, who was sitting on a low golden stool close by. 9 Then the King said, “There is nothing above my daughter; therefore to bound up to her is the highest jump that can be made. But it took a quick wit to find that out, and the Leap-frog is clever and has brains.” 10 So he had won the Princess. Translation 8 “但愿他没什么不舒服吧！”宫廷犬说，又开始嗅他。
这时，只听到“嗖！”的一声，跳蛙微微一蹦，便落到了公主的膝盖上，此时公主正坐在一只矮小的金凳上 9 这时国王发话了：“跳高最多只能跳到和公主一般高，因为她是不能被超越的可是发现这一点需要敏锐的智慧跳蛙不仅聪明而且有头脑 10 于是，跳蛙赢得了公主 land: vi. 1)（从空中）降落，着陆e.g. The bird landed gracefully on the lake. Ten minutes later, the parachutists landed quietly on the enemy’s position. 2)（跌倒或跳起后）着地，落地；获得e.g. The athlete leapt over the fence and landed firmly on the ground. Two boys jumped from the tree and landed on the grass. e.g. After three fierce competitions, the boy finally landed the prize. Above：高于，优于；在级别、位置或数量上占优势；比……更大e.g. Put principles above expediency. bound: vi. 跳；跃；奔着跑（向某方向）e.g. Suddenly a huge mouse came bounding towards me. wit: n. 1) 悟性，智慧 e.g. He hadn’t the wits/wit enough to realize the danger. at one’s wits’ end (智穷计尽), frighten someone out of his/her wits (把某人吓得魂不附体), etc.2) 聪明风趣的人e.g. The journalist is such a wit that he is much admired by all who know him. 3) 用措辞、构想等产生巧妙幽默的能力e.g. The journalist is much admired for his wit. Meaning: But one must be clever enough to find this principle out and the Leap-frog is such a clever guy.2. Text: The jumpersQuestion about Paras. 8-1023 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 7. Who finally won the Princess? Why?The Leap-frog won the Princess. Because he gave a little leap and landed in the lap of the Princess and the King thought the Leap-frog was clever as no one should jump higher than his daughter. 2. Text: The jumpersBackNext24 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 11 “But I jumped highest!” said the Flea. “Still, it comes to the same thing! Let her have the Leap-frog for all I care! I jumped the highest but it seems looks are all that count in this world!” So the Flea went abroad on active military service, and they say that he was killed. for all one cares: 漠不关心，全然不在乎e.g. Go and ask him for all I care! e.g. As if I cared whether you marry him or not! Meaning: In spite of the fact that I jumped highest, I still cannot win the game or I’m still the loser or the outcome is the same. Meaning: Let her marry the Leap-frog! I don’t care at all!2. Text: The jumpersMeaning: I jumped the highest but apparently it is always those with good looks that win the game! they say/think, etc.: what people in general say or think. e.g. They say it’s bad luck to spill salt. BackNextTranslation come to: 达到（某状况，尤指坏的局面）e.g. I never thought it would come to this. All those years of studying, and in the end it all came to nothing. 11 11 ““可可是是跳跳得得最最高高的的是是我我啊啊！！””跳跳蚤蚤说说。
世世事事如如此此，，有有什什么么办办法法！！让让她她嫁嫁给给跳跳蛙蛙吧吧！！我我才才不不稀稀罕罕呢呢！！跳跳得得最最高高的的是是我我，，可可这这个个世世界界就就是是以以貌貌取取人人的的啊啊！！””不不久久跳跳蚤蚤出出国国服兵役去了，据说后来战死了服兵役去了，据说后来战死了25 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 12 The Grasshopper went and sat down in the ditch and thought about the way of the world, and he agreed, “Looks are all that count! Looks are all that count!” And so he sang his own sad song, from which we have taken this history; and which may, very possibly, be all untrue, although it does stand here printed in black and white. the way of the world: 惯常方式（用于指某人对此听天由命），世道常情e.g. With your ability, you should get a better job. But that’s the way of the world. She had been well-versed in the way of the world before she took the veil. in black and white: 白纸黑字 e.g. Once it’s set down in black and white, you can’t forget it. 2. Text: The jumpersBackNextQuestion about Paras. 11-12Translation12 12 蚱蚱蜢蜢回回到到水水沟沟里里坐坐了了下下来来，，开开始始思思考考世世道道常常情情。
他他同同意意跳跳蚤蚤的的看看法法，，““以以貌貌取取人人啊啊！！以以貌貌取取人人啊啊！！””于于是是他他又又唱唱起起自自己己的的悲悲歌歌；；从从他他的的歌歌中中我我们们得得知知了了这这个个故故事事你你不不必必字字字字都都信信，，尽尽管管这这是个出版了的故事是个出版了的故事26 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1text 8.Were the Flea and the Grasshopper happy with the results? What was their conclusion?Of course not. They concluded that looks were all that counted in this world, and the Leap-frog won the Princess because of his good looks. 2. Text: The jumpersBackNext27 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1words&phrases4. Working with words and phrases A.Find appropriate verbs or phrases (1—8) in the text which fit the items (a—h). ( ) 1. invite a. a famous family( ) 2. nod b. the difference( ) 3. mix c. his tongue ( ) 4. come of d. her approval ( ) 5. tell e. smoothly on the ground ( ) 6. speak highly of f. the Johns for dinner( ) 7. hold g. their talents( ) 8. land h. with young people f dhabgceBackNext28 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1words&phrasesB. Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.1. None of the team members has the interest in ________ out how much the party will cost. 2. The police called for witnesses to _______ forward with information on the suspect.3. All these articles that she has cited are ______ out of the leading newspapers in foreign countries. findingcomecutBackNext4. Working with words and phrases 29 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1words&phrases4. An 8% discount is nothing for him to ______ at. He took the deal immediately. 5. Your ability is all that _______ when you are looking for a job!6. We’re ____________ to borrowing from animals and plants when it comes to clothing ourselves.countsaccustomedsniffBackNext4. Working with words and phrases 30 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1discussion Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a small group of 4 to 6 students.1. Was the Leap-frog really cleverer than the other two jumpers? 5. DiscussionBackNext HintsYes, no self bragging; try to figure out the King’s mind.Yes, he seemed to be cleverer than the other two. Instead of bragging about his own talent or family, the Leap-frog was trying to figure out the King’s mind to find out the cleverest way to win the game. He was indeed cleverer than the other two jumpers as he knew how to use his head. We do have such kind of people in the workplace who like thinking and observing first before doing anything and who can figure out and cater to the boss’ need. 31 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1discussion2. To what degree do you agree with the Flea’s viewpoint that it seems looks are all that count in this world? Are there really some situations where looks count? What are they? BackNext HintsTo some extent, yes, esp. actors and actresses, models, air hostesses, dancers, and many other professionals in service industry. One’s ability, attitude, personality and talent also count. To some extent, the Flea’s viewpoint is right because in our daily life there are really some situations where looks count. This is true of actors and actresses, models, air hostesses, dancers, and many other professionals in service industry. Having said that though, it is one’s ability, attitude, personality and talent that count.5. Discussion32 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1discussion Mind Mapbrag about to some extentservice industry personalityfigure out one’s mindtrue of ability BackNext5. Discussion33 The Flea and the Grasshopper are bragging about their abilities before the competition, each speaking highly of his own talents. They both complain after the competition. Interpret their conversation into English with your partner.跳蚤：我血统高贵，我才有资格娶公主！蚱蜢：我家是埃及赫赫有名的世家，公主非我莫属！跳蚤：看你长得粗矮傻笨的，公主才看不上你咧！蚱蜢：你不也是天天混迹人间，靠吸血度日吗？装什么高雅！跳蚤：你以为穿上那身“绿皮”就潇洒了？你有什么能耐？蚱蜢：我会唱歌，你会吗？连蟋蟀都唱不过我。
他们听到我唱歌都妒忌得要死反正公主是我的！跳蚤：我不会唱歌，但是我跳得肯定比你高！你只能跳到我一半的高度蚱蜢：不要得意得太早吧！我们比比看上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1interpreting6. Practice: interpreting For Reference AnswerClick HereBackNext34 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1interpretingFlea: I have noble blood in me, and I’m fit to marry the Princess.Grasshopper: I come of a very old family in the land of Egypt. The Princess is mine. Flea: You are so stout and look stupid. How would the Princess have interest in you?Grasshopper: Don’t you mix with human beings and live on their blood? How could you pretend to be so elegant?Flea: Do you think you look very nice in your green uniform? What can you do?Grasshopper: Well, I can sing very well, can you? Even crickets are no match for me and have been so annoyed by my singing. The Princess is mine, anyway!Flea: I can’t sing, but I surely jump higher than you do! You can only jump half as high as me.Grasshopper: Don’t rejoice too soon! Let’s compete.BackNext6. Practice: interpreting 35 （比赛结束后。
跳蚤：不公平！他跳得最低，为什么能得到公主？蚱蜢：智谋，绝对是智谋！怪不得他开始一句话也不说，原来是在揣摩国王的心思跳蚤：什么智谋？万变不离其宗，还是长相说了算！这就是这个世界的生存法则！蚱蜢：下一步你打算怎么办？跳蚤：我要出国当兵打仗去了蚱蜢：唉，也许你是对的，长相才是最重要的啊！上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1interpretingFor Reference AnswerClick HereBackNext6. Practice: interpreting 36 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1interpreting(After the jumping competition.)Flea: That’s unfair! He jumped the lowest. Why did he get the Princess?Grasshopper: Wit, absolutely wit! No wonder he didn’t say anything at first. He was reading the King’s mind. Flea: Wit? What wit? It comes to the same thing that looks are all that count! That’s the way of the world!Grasshopper: What will you do then?Flea: I think I will go abroad on military service. Grasshopper: Maybe you have a point. Looks are all that count in the world!BackNext6. Practice: interpreting 37 1. He had elegant manners and nodded to all present, for he had noble blood in him and was accustomed to mixing in human society, and that meant a good deal.2. Moreover, he said he came of a very old family in the land of Egypt, and was highly thought of over here as well.3. Both the Flea and the Grasshopper spoke highly of their own talents, and said they thought they were fit to marry a Princess.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1translation7. Practice: translation A. Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese. Pay special attention to the italicized expressions. 他优雅地向观众点头致意。
他血统高贵，且经常出入人类社会，光这一点就不得了况且，他（蚱蜢）声称其祖上是埃及的一个古老家族，他在本地也备受尊崇跳蚤和蚱蜢都吹嘘自己如何了得，都说自己才配得上公主BackNext38 4. As for the Leap-frog, he said nothing, but folks believed that meant he was thinking all the harder and when the court dog sniffed him he said he was sure the Leap-frog came from a good family.5. There is nothing above my daughter; therefore to bound up to her is the highest jump that can be made.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1translation与此同时，跳蛙却一言不发人们都以为他在苦苦思索，而那只宫廷犬在嗅过他以后，却说他确信这位跳蛙出身世家跳高最多只能跳到和公主一般高，因为她是不能被超越的。
BackNext7. Practice: translation 39 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1translationB. Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in the brackets. 1. The president ____________________________ (在本地很受尊崇) as his company has contributed a great deal to the community construction. 2. The company’s indifference to his complaint ______________________ (使他如此气愤) that he decided to tell his experience to the local newspaper. 3. His peers’ mockery and criticism did not put him down. Instead ______________________ (他更努力工作了). is highly thought of over here made him so annoyed he worked all the harder BackNext7. Practice: translation 40 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1translation4. ____________________________________ (让他得一等奖好了，我才不在乎呢)! What I care about most is the participation. 5. Both men bragged about their abilities, thinking ____________________________________________ (他们才是总经理一职的合适人选).Let him have the first prize for all I care they were fit for the position of general manager BackNext7. Practice: translation 41 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1writingWrite a summary of the text (max. 150 words), referring to the outline below. Summary outline: 1. The competition among the Flea, the Grasshopper and the Leap-frog;2. The winner of the competition; 3. The losers’ complaints about the way of the world. For Reference AnswerClick HereBackNext8. Practice: writing 42 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1writing8. Practice: writing Reference answer: Once a Flea, a Grasshopper and a Leap-frog wanted to find out which of them could jump highest and they invited the King and all the folks to see the show. The winner would marry the Princess. Both the Flea and the Grasshopper boasted about their family backgrounds and talents, while the Leap-frog didn’t say anything. Though the Leap-frog did not jump as high as the other two in the competition, he won the Princess. This was because he did not jump higher than the Princess’ height, which was exactly what the King wanted to see. The King thought that the Leap-frog had brains. The Flea and the Grasshopper were not happy with the result and thought the Leap-frog had won the game by his good looks rather than by his ability. But they could do nothing about it as this was the way of the world. BackNext43 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1writingB. Basic sentence writing techniques: understand and write compound sentences (2).1. The secretary arrived late. She left early. (correlative conjunction)Not only did the secretary arrive late, but she also left early. Or the sentence can be written as “The secretary not only arrived late, but also left early.” (Here “also” would not be necessary in this context.)BackNext8. Practice: writing 44 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1writing2. The committee has approved the plan. It cannot be implemented. (conjunctive adverb) 3. We assume full responsibility. Your money will be refunded without delay. (conjunctive adverb) The committee has approved the plan; however, it cannot be implemented. We assume full responsibility; therefore, your money will be refunded without delay.BackNext8. Practice: writing 45 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1writing4. The Program Director wants the project completed by May. He will hire all personnel necessary to ensure its completion. (conjunctive adverb)The Program Director wants the project completed by May; consequently, he will hire all personnel necessary to ensure its completion.5. Mr. Jones will replace Mr. Hewitt as Production Manager. Mr. Jones will assume his new position starting Monday. (semicolon)Mr. Jones will replace Mr. Hewitt as Production Manager; Mr. Jones will assume his new position starting Monday.BackNext8. Practice: writing 46 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1internet9. Surfing the Internet Go to , or to find out the benefits most companies offer to their staff. Then explain the importance of these benefits and how they serve to motivate the employees. For OutlineClick HereBackNext47 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1internetBackNextSurfing the Internet Reference Answer:Employee welfare includes monitoring of working conditions, creation of industrial harmony through infrastructure for health and insurance against disease, accident and unemployment for the workers and their families, certain facilities and services in addition to wages or salaries, etc. The very logic behind providing welfare schemes is to create efficient, healthy, loyal and satisfied labor force for the organization. The purpose of providing such facilities is to make their work life better and also to raise their standard of living. The important welfare measures can be summarized as follows: 48 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1internetBackNextSurfing the Internet • Good working conditions: • Housing and other facilities: • Insurances: • A comprehensive retirement plan: • Bonus and company stock-purchase programs.• Annual vacation: • Professional development plan49 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 contentØ New employee orientation—employee onboardingØPair work: Welcoming a trainee ØText: Overcoming HR Woes ØWorking with words ØResearch project Ø Listening-based writing ØHighlightsPart 2 Language in UseBackNext50 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2highlights HighlightsR&L: New employee orientation—employee onboardingS: Welcoming a traineeLanguage for showing someone around your companyR: Overcoming HR Woes Research project: Companies’ motivational approaches L&W: Training supervisor wantedLanguage for a job advertisementPart 2 Language in UseBackNext51 New employee orientation is the process you use for welcoming a new employee into your organization. New employee orientation, often (1) ___________ by a meeting with the Human Resources Department, generally contains information about safety, the work environment, the new job (2)_________, benefits and eligibility, company culture, company history, the organization (3) _______ and anything else relevant to working in the new company. New employee orientation often includes an introduction to each department in the company and (4) _________ training. New employee orientation frequently includes spending time doing the jobs in each department to understand the (5) _____ of the product or service through the organization.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2dialogueBackNext Listen to the tape or the CD and fill in the blanks in the following passage. spearheadeddescriptioncharton-the-jobflow1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 52 Dr. John Sullivan, head of the Human Resources Management Program at San Francisco State University, concludes that several elements (6) _________ to a world-class orientation program. The best new employee orientation: has (7) _________ goals and meets them, makes the first day a (8) ___________, involves family as well as co-workers, makes new hires (9) _____________ on the first day, is not boring, rushed or ineffective, and uses feedback to (10) _____________ improve.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2dialogueBackNextcontributetargetedcelebrationproductivecontinuously1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 53 1. New employee orientation, often spearheaded by a meeting with the Human Resources department, generally contains information about safety, the work environment, the new job description, benefits and eligibility, company culture, company history, the organization chart and anything else relevant to working in the new company. 新员工入职培训通常从会见人力资源部的人开始，涉及的信息一般包括安全、工作环境、新工作的职责范围、福利和享受相关福利的资格、公司文化、公司历史、组织结构以及其他所有与在新公司工作有关的信息。
上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogue Notes to the OrientationBackNext Job description is a broad, general, and written statement of a specific job, based on the findings of a job analysis. It generally includes duties, purpose, responsibilities, scope, and working conditions of a job along with the job’s title, and the name or designation of the person to whom the employee reports. Job description usually forms the basis of job specification. spearhead: vt.为（某事）作先锋，带头做（某事）e.g. His troops seemed to spearhead every important offensive so fearlessly. n. [C]先锋，前锋；先头部队e.g. The new managing director will act as the spearhead of the campaign. e.g. The eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team.1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding eligibility: n. [U]有资格，合格e.g. The eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team. eligibility: n. [U]有资格，合格e.g. The eligibility rules prevent under-18s being in the team.organization chart: It is a diagram that shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs.54 2. New employee orientation often includes an introduction to each department in the company and on-the-job training. 新员工入职培训通常包括向新员工介绍公司的每个部门及在岗培训。
上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogue BackNextOn-the-job training is the employee training at workplace while an employee is doing the actual job. Usually a professional trainer (or sometimes an experienced employee) serves as the instructor, and employs the principles of learning (participation, repetition, relevance, transference, and feedback) often supported by formal classroom training.1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 55 3. New employee orientation frequently includes spending time doing the jobs in each department to understand the flow of the product or service through the organization. 常常还要求新员工在每个部门工作一段时间，以便了解机构产品或服务的流程。
上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogue BackNextthe flow of the product or service = the product or service flow: The movement of product or service within the organization during the part’s production process. Flow production (流水线) is a production method in which successive operations are carried out on a product in such a way that it moves through the factory in a single direction. 1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 56 4. …concludes that several elements contribute to a world-class orientation program. ……总结说有几个因素可以促成世界一流的入职培训计划。
contribute: vi.促成某事物e.g. Does smoking really contribute to lung cancer? 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogueBackNext1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 57 5. …makes new hires productive on the first day ……使新进员工入职第一天就卓有成效Note the word “hire” here is a noun, meaning informally “the newly hired employee”, as in “My boss asks me to tutor these new hires. (老板让我带带新员工) ”productive: a.富有成效的e.g. During the most productive time in her career, she wrote five novels in two years. 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogueBackNext1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 58 6. …is not boring, rushed or ineffective ……应避免乏味，匆忙或低效rush: vt./vi. 1)仓促行事e.g. Don’t rush to a conclusion. 2)急送，急派e.g. The injured passengers were rushed to the hospital. 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus2 dialogueBackNext1. Dialogue: New employee orientation—employee on boarding 59 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 pairwork 2.Pair work: welcoming a trainee Sandra Brown, a young trainee from a maritime university, has arrived at a foodstuff company to start a four-week work placement. At the company’s reception, she meets Lubica Smith, who is behind the desk. Lubica is showing Sandra around the company. Put the conversation into the correct order, referring to the following plan of the company. BackNextLearning60 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 pairwork 2.Pair work: welcoming a trainee Showing someone around your companyLet’s begin our tour here in…Now, if you follow me, we’ll go into…We have some storage space on the left/right…Behind the platforms, there’s the…As we pass…, you can see…Over there in the corner, you can see…Next to him/her, there’s…The sales room is opposite…Just down the corridor/hall…Up on the first floor…In front of us…Outside you can see…This is where we… Learning BackNextFor Reference AnswerClick Here61 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 pairworkBackNext 2.Pair work: welcoming a trainee 62 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext Translation 如何克服人力资源的难题如何克服人力资源的难题1 关于留住员工和提高职场满意度，这应该是员工第一天上班之前就开始的过程。
2 “这实际上始于面试之时，”总部在西雅图的星巴克咖啡公司的合作资源公司的执行副总裁切特•卡基纳德说：“我们寻求的员工应注重顾客服务，喜欢团队式工作环境，并具有和我们相同的价值观1 When it comes to retaining employees and promoting satisfaction in the workplace, it should be a process that begins even before an employee’s first day on the job. 2 “It literally starts with the interview,” said Chet Kuchinad, executive vice president of Partner Resources for Seattle-based Starbucks Coffee Co., “We look for people who focus on customer service, who like team settings and who share our values.” 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes When it comes to: The structure can also be written as “If it comes right down to”, meaning “as regards, when the situation entails”. e.g. When it comes to mathematics, I’m completely at sea. literally: ad.精确地；照原文e.g. Idioms usually cannot be translated literally into another language. 63 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext Translation3 人力资源专家们支持的理念是，要留住优秀员工，应该在他们开始工作之前就开始努力。
但他们说，餐馆常常认为留住员工是个不可实现的目标3 Experts specializing in human resources endorse the notion that retaining good employees should begin before their first paycheck. Too often, they say restaurants treat the notion that they can retain their labor force as an unattainable goal. specialize: vi. to concentrate one’s efforts in a special activity, field, or practice专门从事；专攻e.g. He specializes in Roman history. 他专攻罗马史This company specializes in hardware. 该公司主要生产五金/硬件 Note that the word paycheck is different from the word payroll. It means “a check that someone receives as payment for their wages” or “the amount of wages someone earns (支付薪水的支票或薪水) ”, while payroll means “the list of people employed by a company and the amount of money to be paid to each of them (公司员工的薪水名册)”. endorse: vt. 1)赞同或支持（某要求、言论等）e.g. I am afraid I can’t endorse your opinion of the government’s record. 2)（在票据背面）签名，背书e.g. The bank clerk watched him as he endorsed the check. 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 64 800-pound gorilla: 800-pound gorilla is a metaphor for any person or agency that is so big and powerful that he/she/it dominates totally and whom no one can challenge. e.g. Air pollution has become the 800-pound gorilla in some metropolitans. 2) the big, dominant factor/person regarding some topic e.g. Speaking of outer space exploration, Dr. Bryan is the 800-pound gorilla. 3) an overbearing entity in a specific industry or sphere of activity; a seemingly unbeatable presence always to be reckoned with e.g. In the software industry, Microsoft would be considered the 800-pound gorilla. 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text 4 “I call it the 800-pound gorilla in the room. No one wants to talk about it. It’s just accepted to have a high turnover rate,” said Todd Rogers, president of Real Time HR, a company based in Oklahoma City that consults on human resource issues. 800-pound gorilla: 800-pound gorilla is a metaphor for any person or agency that is so big and powerful that he/she/it dominates totally and whom no one can challenge. e.g. Air pollution has become the 800-pound gorilla in some metropolitans. 2) the big, dominant factor/person regarding some topic e.g. Speaking of outer space exploration, Dr. Bryan is the 800-pound gorilla. 3) an overbearing entity in a specific industry or sphere of activity; a seemingly unbeatable presence always to be reckoned with e.g. In the software industry, Microsoft would be considered the 800-pound gorilla. Obviously, the phrase in the text is used in the first sense, indicating that the high turnover rate has become such a habitual and uncontrollable problem in most companies that no one would bother to talk about it, let alone solve it. .NextTranslation4 总部位于俄克拉何马城的实时人力资源公司提供有关人力资源问题的咨询服务，其总裁托德•罗杰斯说：“我认为人们对这个问题都心知肚明，但没有人愿意谈及它。
人们已经对高居不下的员工流动率习以为常了Question about Para. 4 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes Back65 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 1. Why does Todd Rogers call the high turnover rate “the 800-pound gorilla in the room”?Because he thinks it is a very common and massive problem difficult to solve. People just become accustomed to it and accept it. No one wants to talk about it. 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 66 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text5 He estimates that the average turnover rate among fast-casual restaurants is between 110 and 125 percent. 6 Replacing employees is costly, of course. According to a 2006 People Report, it takes $2,228 to replace an employee, including expenses related to recruiting and training them, taxes and other costs. For a company with a 125 percent turnover rate, Rogers said the total cost of replacing employees would amount to about $3.3 million a year. BackNextTranslation5 他估计快餐休闲类餐馆的员工流动率平均为110％到125％之间。
6 当然，替换员工的代价是很大的根据2006年“人民报告”的统计，替换一个员工的费用为2228美元，包括与招募和培训新员工相关的费用、税收和其他费用罗杰斯说，对一个员工流动率为125％的公司而言，每年用于替换员工的总费用可以高达330万美元 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 67 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext 7 That’s why he recommends a pre-employment test that measures such qualities as a job applicant’s ability or interest in providing superior customer service. He uses a simple 20-question test that rates people according to their ability. 8 Other ways to retain good employees include getting to know them, making sure their needs are heard and addressed, and providing them with attainable career goals and clear paths to success and financial rewards. Translation7 因此，他建议公司实施岗前测试来衡量申请者的能力和对提供优质客服的兴趣等素质。
他使用了仅包含20道问题的简单测试来衡量申请人的能力 8 留住优秀员工的其他方法包括了解他们，倾听并关注他们的需要，为他们提供可实现的职业目标，以及清晰的取得成功和经济回报的途径 address: vt. 1)处理，解决e.g. Employees’ fundamental needs should be addressed at this meeting. 2)演讲e.g. She was assassinated when addressing her supporters. n. [C]演说，正式演讲e.g. Obama made an address to an audience of over a million today. Financial rewards are the compensations made by an employer to its employees for their work or performance. Questions about Paras. 7-8 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes Financial rewards are the compensations made by an employer to its employees for their work or performance. 68 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 2. Why does Todd Rogers recommend a pre-employment test? Because a pre-employment test can help the employer measure such qualities as a job applicant’s ability or interest in providing superior customer service.3. What are the other ways to retain good employees?Other ways include getting to know them, making sure their needs are heard and addressed, and providing them with attainable career goals and clear paths to success and financial rewards. 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 69 The Three Signs of a Miserable Job is a book written by Patrick Lencioni. From the title it seems that this book is for employees to detect indications of their career misery so that they can quit the job early and save time. However, it’s not. It’s a book for managers, which is intended to remind them not to signal these unfriendly signs to their employees either on purpose or by accident. From this perspective, Lencioni really values the importance of employees and shows his respect as a manager.The Three Signs of a Miserable Job is a book written by Patrick Lencioni. From the title it seems that this book is for employees to detect indications of their career misery so that they can quit the job early and save time. However, it’s not. It’s a book for managers, which is intended to remind them not to signal these unfriendly signs to their employees either on purpose or by accident. From this perspective, Lencioni really values the importance of employees and shows his respect as a manager.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text Importance and structure 9 “Getting to know your employees is crucial to keeping them,” said Patrick Lencioni, author of The Three Signs of a Miserable Job, and founder of The Table Group, a company dedicated to helping organizations function more effectively. The Three Signs of a Miserable Job is a book written by Patrick Lencioni. From the title it seems that this book is for employees to detect indications of their career misery so that they can quit the job early and save time. However, it’s not. It’s a book for managers, which is intended to remind them not to signal these unfriendly signs to their employees either on purpose or by accident. From this perspective, Lencioni really values the importance of employees and shows his respect as a manager. dedicate: vt. 1) 将……奉献给e.g. Sister Terrisa dedicated her life to helping the poor. 2) 在（书、音乐作品等的前部）题献词e.g. This book is dedicated to my parents. Translation 重要性和结构 9 “了解你的员工对于留住他们是至关重要的，”帕特里克•兰西奥尼说道。
他是《痛苦职业的三个迹象》一书的作者，同时也是圆桌集团的创始人，该公司致力于帮助各种机构提高效率 BackNext 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 70 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext 10 He identifies anonymity as one indicator of a miserable job. 11 “That’s the feeling that employees get when they realize their manager has little interest in them as a human being and that they know little about their lives, aspirations or interests,” Lencioni said. anonymity: n. [U]无名，匿名，作者不明 e.g. He agreed to give an interview on condition of anonymity. Its adjective form is anonymous.anonymous: a. 1) 匿名的，名字不公开的 e.g. an anonymous letter, donor, buyer, benefactor, etc. Translation10 他认为被人忽视是痛苦职业的标志之一。
11 兰西奥尼说：“当员工们觉得他们的经理很少把他们当人看，对他们的生活，理想和兴趣所知甚少的时候，就会有被人忽视的感觉Question about Paras. 10-11 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 71 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 4. Why does Patrick Lencioni identify anonymity as an indicator of a miserable job? Because anonymity indicates a feeling that the manager has little interest in the employees as a human being and that he or she knows little about their lives, aspirations or interests. People who work with this kind of feeling are surely miserable. 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 72 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext12 Getting to know your staff or showing interest in them does not have to be expensive, however. As an example, Lencioni says a manager who knows about a staff member’s hobby or interest outside the workplace could get them a book or news article on the topic. Translation 12 了解你的员工或对他们表现出兴趣并不需要花费很多。
例如，兰西奥尼说，一位了解员工工作之余的嗜好和兴趣的经理可以送给他们一本书或者一篇相关的报刊文章 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 73 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext 13 Another way to show the importance of stemming employee turnover is to place a cost on the problem and assign it to a manager’s cost center. That way, Rogers said, managers can begin to understand the financial implications of a high employee turnover rate. 14 “If you don’t assign it a value and assign it to a cost center, it doesn’t have weight. People don’t take it seriously,” Rogers said. stem: vt. 阻止，封堵，遏止e.g. The measures are meant to stem the tide of illegal immigration. assign: vt.分配，指派 e.g. The professor has assigned each of us a holiday task. cost center: Distinctly identifiable department, division, or unit of firm whose manager is responsible for all its associated costs and for ensuring adherence to its budgets. Also called cost pool. Some companies also have profit center and revenue center. implication: n. [C, U]含义，暗示，暗指e.g. The press world is studying the implications of the president’s statement. take sb./sth. seriously:认真对待某人或某事 e.g. You can’t take her promises seriously; she never keeps her word. Translation 13 另一个表明遏止员工流动率重要性的方法，就是标明它的代价并把它提交给经理手下的成本中心。
罗杰斯说这样经理们就开始明白高流动率引起的财务问题了 14 “如果你不把它赋予价值并提交给成本中心，它就没有分量人们就不会把它当真 罗杰斯说道Questions about Para. 13 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 74 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 focus1textBackNext 5. Why should a company, according to Rogers, place a cost on employee turnover and assign it to a manager’s cost center? Because in this way, managers can begin to understand the financial implications of a high employee turnover rate. 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 75 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 textBackNext 15 Another way to encourage retention is to promote from within. That’s an area where restaurants have generally been successful, said Annika Stennson, media relations manager for the National Restaurant Association. 16 “If someone commits to working in the industry, there’s every reason to make it a great career choice,” she said, adding that four of five salaried employees working in restaurants today got their starts as hourly employees. Note that from within (从里面，从内部) is a compound preposition which is formed when two or more prepositions are combined and considered a single prepositional unit.e.g. We were taking a walk in the jungle when a black dog rushed from behind a tree. commit: vi./vt. 1)全心全意地投入e.g. He’s too young to commit fully to marriage. 2)从事，承诺e.g. He has committed himself to the study of the aboriginals in the west throughout his whole life. 3)犯（错误，罪行），干（坏事）e.g. Women commit fewer crimes than men. there’s every reason: there are sufficient reasons/evidences to do…e.g. There is every reason to believe that he is lying. Translation15 另一个留住员工的办法就是从内部提拔。
在这一点上，餐馆一般做得都很成功阿妮卡•斯坦逊说，她是全国餐馆协会的媒体公关经理 16 她说：“如果有人立志于餐饮业，就有必要使它变成一个伟大的职业选择，”她还补充说，如今在餐馆工作的五分之四的月薪制员工是从小时工做起的 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 76 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text 17 Monty Moran, president and CEO at Chipotle Mexican Grill, said his company makes it a priority to promote from within its ranks. 18 “Our focus isn’t just on turnover. It’s on keeping top employees. We want to appeal to strong performers and retain them,” he said. 19 A few years ago, Chipotle instituted a new career-path plan with steps to enable hourly crew persons to see promotions to a management position as attainable. appeal: vi. 1)（对某人）有吸引力e.g. His sense of humour appealed to her enormously. 2)恳求，呼吁 e.g. The police appealed to the crowd not to panic. BackNextTranslation17 17 契普多雷墨西哥烤肉的总裁和首席执行官蒙提·莫伦说，他们公司职级提拔优先考虑的就是内部员工。
18 18 “我们关注的不仅是员工流动率，而是如何留住优秀员工我们想吸引那些绩效优秀的人并留住他们 19 19 几年前，契普多雷公司制定了一个新的职业发展计划，采取措施使小时工看到了晋升到管理层职位的可能性 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 77 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text BackNext 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes career-path plan ( (职业生涯规划职业生涯规划):): The purpose of career planning is to enable people to plan and follow a flexible course of action that will lead to self-sufficiency and a satisfying career. The Individual Graduation Plan (IGP) serves as a process that provides for student involvement in every phase of his/her educational preparation. It is designed to promote sound career decisions throughout life as required in a rapidly changing world. It is required that all students develop an individual graduation plan beginning at the eighth grade. This plan is updated annually, beginning in the ninth grade. It is recommended that this be a joint effort among students, parents, teachers and counselors.78 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 text 20 “Our managers tend to be better and we have less turnover among them if they come from the crew,” Moran said. 21 Under its former staffing structure, a promotion from a crew person led to a larger jump to a position as a supervisor. But that responsibility seemed overwhelming for some. 22 “Few people felt confident they could make that leap,” Moran said. overwhelming:overwhelming: a.势不可挡的，压倒的 e.g. An overwhelming majority of the members were against the proposal. BackNextTranslation20 20 莫伦说：“我们的经理层通常比较优秀，如果是从普通职员提升上来的话，他们的流动率就会更低。
21 21 在该公司以前的员工结构中，从内部职员直接提升一般会有更大跨度，比如直升主管，但有些人对主管的职责却似乎无法胜任 22 22 “很少有人自信能够跨过这道门坎莫伦说道 3. Text: Overcoming HR Woes 79 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 working with wordsBackNext4. Working with words A. Match the terms (1—7) with their definitions (a—g). ( ) 1. paychecka. all the people employed or seeking employment in a country or region, also called work force( ) 2. labor forceb. to attempt to acquire the services (of a person) for an employer( ) 3. turnover ratec. unit within the organization in which the manager is responsible only for costs( ) 4. pre-employmentd. the way in which your career develops—the development depends on a variety of factors like your personal capabilities, skills, experience and the opportunities available for training and advancement( ) 5. recruite. a check issued to an employee in payment of salary or wages( ) 6. cost centerf. the period of testing, processing, etc. before the start of employment( ) 7. career-path plang. the ratio of the number of workers that had to be replaced in a given time period to the average number of workers e agf bc d80 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 working with wordsB. Read the text again and then find words, expressions and sentences in the text which are used to describe the following topics. TopicsDescriptionsQualities of a good employee The high turnover rate Ways a company can lower the turnover rate focusing on customer service; liking team settings and sharing the company’s values; strong performersthe 800-pound gorilla in the room; just accepted; costlygetting to know the employees, making sure their needs are heard and addressed, and providing them with attainable career goals and clear paths to success and financial rewards; knowing about a staff member’s hobby or interest outside the workplace; promoting from withinBackNext4. Working with words 81 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 research projectBackNext 5. Research project For Reference AnswerClick HereIssue/Event/Context: Robert is going to graduate from university and is now looking for a job as executive assistant. He wants to know what kind of motivational approaches companies usually use and what kind of working environment a good company usually creates for its employees. You are asked to collect some relevant information for him. Research Group: Individually. Research Method & Route: Search for information on different companies’ motivational approaches via the Internet. Then draft a speech based on your findings.82 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus1internet How to Motivate Your EmployeesA manager can usually adopt the following approaches to motivate his people:1. A manager should treat his people as individuals, not merely as necessary cogs in a wheel. ...2. A manager should acknowledge his employees’ contributions. ...3. A manager should give his employees timely support. ...4. A manager should spend time with his people and be patient. ... 5. A manager should acknowledge an employee’s potential and encourage his/her growth. ... 6. A manager should nurture team spirit. ...7. A manager should set reasonable boundaries, and empower his people to set theirs. ...There are many other ways for a manager to motivate his employees, ...BackNext 5. Research project 83 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&W Listen to a job advertisement by Allied Co. Ltd Shanghai Branch about a training supervisor twice and describe the position according to what you have heard. You may refer to the following situation and hints.Situation: Allied Co. Ltd, Shanghai Branch is now expanding its business in China and needs a training supervisor for next year’s development. It has put its want advertisement on the leading radio station. Hints: 1. What is the training supervisor responsible for? 2. What does the training supervisor need to prepare? 3. What are the basic requirements of the position? 6.Listening-based writing BackNext84 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&W 6.Listening-based writing Mind Mapturbo // n. 涡轮喷气发动机 air compressor 空气压缩机 mission // n. 使命 implement // vt. 实施，执行 comprehensive // a. 全面的 vendor /()/ n. 摊贩，小贩 tool kit 工具箱coordinate // vt. 协调 bachelor /()/ n. 获学士学位的人BackNextLearning85 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&W Language for a job advertisement Our company specializes in…We are looking for/seeking…Ours is a growing business.The company is best at…A sales/HR/production/manager is needed for…We want a sales manager who can think outside the box, inspire, lead, and deliver quality and excellence.This is an exciting opportunity to join…You are required to have…An excellent competitive salary and benefits package is available to the right candidate.You will be responsible for…A… degree in… is also required for this position.Please send your cover letter and resumé to…in Human Resources Department at… (include mailing address, fax or e-mail). Please apply in writing only, enclosing a full CV with details of your current salary to…Learning For Reference AnswerClick Here 6.Listening-based writing BackNext86 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&WBackNextReference answer: The Branch at present needs a training supervisor who is responsible for developing and implementing a comprehensive training program for the company and managing the training budgets, selecting training vendors and conducting soft skill training. The training supervisor also needs to prepare necessary training materials, administer training sessions, manage training center/facilities, etc. The basic requirements for the position holder include a bachelor’s degree, strong capability of training solutions design and delivery, and at least 6 years’ relevant supervisory/management experience in sizable or multi-national organizations, etc. 6.Listening-based writing 87 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&WBackNext 6.Listening-based writing Training Supervisor Wanted Established in 1945, Allied Co. Ltd specializes in producing turbo and air compressors and is one of the Fortune Top 500, and the second biggest manufacturer in European market in the industry. The company’s mission statement is: “To Create Value and Make a Difference… everywhere we engage.” Its Shanghai Branch now has more than 100 management staff and 1,500 workers and has established 25 sales offices in East China. 88 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&WBackNext 6.Listening-based writing As the company is further expanding, it now needs a training supervisor who reports directly to the Human Resources Manager, China. The position holder is responsible for developing and implementing a comprehensive training program for the company, managing the training budgets, selecting training vendors and conducting soft skill training. The detailed skills also include: problem solving and decision making, communication, time management, meeting management, presentation skills. He or she also needs to prepare necessary training materials, administer training sessions, manage training center/facilities, etc.89 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus2 L&WBackNext 6.Listening-based writing The candidate must have a bachelor’s degree and strong capability of training solutions design and delivery. He or she must also have at least 6 years’ relevant supervisory/management experience in sizable or multi-national organizations, dynamic presentation skills, excellent interpersonal and consulting skills and good command of spoken and written English. If you are interested in this vacancy, please send your cover letter and resumé to Rm. 1305 Porterman Bl. (West tower) to Miss Zhang in Human Resources Department (Zipcode: 200115). You may also email us at xxxx or call Miss Zhang at 021-34567890.90 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3contentBackNextØ Get your pronunciation right ØReading skills Table of ContentsPart 3 Enhancement of Language Abilities91 A. Listen and practise, paying attention to the stress of polysyllabic words ( (多音节词的重音多音节词的重音).). 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 pronunciationBackNext 1. Get your pronunciation right particular [()] declaration [r] psychology [sl] scientific [] democracy [] complicated [] liberation [r] interpretation [] terrific [] romanticism [] 92 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 pronunciationBackNextintroduction [r] sufficient []optimistic [s] pronunciation []participate [] economy []appreciate [] photogenic []preparation [] necessary [] 1. Get your pronunciation right 93 [] [] [m] [][] [] [] [v][] [] [] []上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 pronunciationBackNextB. 1. Try to pronounce the following IPA ( (国际音标国际音标) ) of words correctly and pay attention to the stressed syllables. 1. Get your pronunciation right 94 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 pronunciationBackNext2. Read the following polysyllabic words and pay attention to their stressed syllables. methodology statistics establishment institutemajority convenience capital regulationartificial possibility experiment actuallyrecorder February television relaxationreliable secretary historical quotation 1. Get your pronunciation right 95 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 reading skills 2. Reading skills BackNext1. An appropriate title for the passage would be ______.A. Objective Standards of Just-Right Wife B. How Can a Girl Be a Miss RightC. Marriage, the Biggest Decision in Life2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a merit of a just- right wife of a millionaire?A. Being charming. C. Being wise. D. Being beautiful. D. Beauty Is in the Eye of the BeholderB. Being considerate.Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the passage.96 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 reading skillsBackNext3. What is the narrator’s attitude towards the words used by the millionaire in describing his just-right wife? A. Negative. C. Neutral. D. Impartial.4.How many pairs of comparative groups of men are mentioned in the passage? B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven.5. Which of the following is not mentioned as a standard in judging whether a woman is a just-right wife? A. Appearance. B. Habits. C. Hobbies.B. Positive.A. Four. D. Wealth. 2. Reading skills 97 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Focus3 reading skills Headings Deserve Your Closest Attention in Reading 标题为纲 纲举目张 纲即提网的总绳。
文章标题就像纲一样，总括文章的内容，所以它非常重要在阅读测试中，有两种情况：一是给出标题，帮助理解；理解了标题的含义后，可以对文章内容进行预测，以便在阅读时进行核对一是不给标题，让考生在理解短文后添加标题这是检测考生总体把握短文内容的能力，因为只有从整体上把握了短文内容，才能给出涵盖短文内容所有方面的纲领性的标题 给短文添加标题的技巧是先略读和跳读，看短文由几段组成，每一段讲什么，然后将这些内容合起来，从中概括出涵盖这些方面的标题如果选项缺少必要的限定词，其涵盖的范围就过大，不能作为标题；如只涵盖短文中某一段的内容，其范围又过小，也不能做文章标题 在语言测试中，短文标题的正确选项中必定会出现短文的主题词，而直接由文章首句或某句话中摘抄的词语编成的选项为干扰项 BackNext 2. Reading skills 98 Thank you!应应 用用 型型 大大 学学 英英 语语 系系 列列 教教 程程 。
