9AUnit3语法讲与练.doc

9A Unit3 语法讲与练宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类1. 由that引导的宾语从句that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略例如： He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed. 2. 由连接代词who，whom，whose, what,which和连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句这些连接代词或副词在句中充当某个成分例如： Do you know who(whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the best. Can you tell me where the NO. 3 bus stop is? I don’t know why the train is late. 3. 由if 或wether引导的宾语从句。

if和wether在句中的意思是“是否”例如： I want to know if (wether) he lives here. He asked me wether (if) I could help him.注意：在以下情况只能用wether而不能用if A. 句中含有or,或or not I don’t know wether we will have a party tomorrow or the day after tomorrow. Can you tell me wether we’ll have a test or not. B. 从句在介词之后 Our achievements depend on wether we have worked hard.【宾语从句用法歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/wether，wh-/how展风采展风采有三关，引导词，语序，时态把关主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/wether连特殊疑问作宾从，原来疑问词不用换三关过后莫得意，人称，标点需注意留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心中歌诀含义解码】一. 三姊妹所代指。

宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由that引导的宾语从句如： We knew (that) we should learn from each other.2. 由if/wether引导的宾语从句如： Please tell me if/ wether you have been to America.3. 由wh-/how引导的表语从句如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?二. 三关的解释1. 引导词关 如果从句是陈述句，……（前面已有讲）2. 语序关⑴陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍然用陈述语序如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said.→ The teacher said (that) he was an honest boy.⑵一般疑问词和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序如： Does he work hard? I wonder. → I wonder if /wether he works hard. When did he leave? I don’t know. → I don’t know when he left.3. 时态关⑴ 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况定。

如： I have learned (that) he will come back next week.⑵如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态如： He said (that) there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时如： He said that light travels much faster than sound.三. 人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致：如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致：如果是第三人称，不用变化如： “May I use your knife?” He asked me. → He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number?” He asked me. → He asked me if I knew her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定主句是陈述句，用句号：主句是疑问句，用问号。

Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. → I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know? Where does he live? → Do you know where he lives?四. 两幅面孔 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句因此遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于哪一类如： If it rains tomorrow, I won’t come. (时间状语从句) I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow.(宾语从句)五. 从句的简化1. 当主句谓语是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动词不定式或V-ing形式如： She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. → She found the wallet lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。

如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. → She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station? → Can you tell me how to get to the station?小试牛刀一. 选合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told me_______he didn’t go cycling yesterday afternoon. (how, why)2. Can you tell me_________else is going to be on duty today? (who, whom)3. He always thinks_________he can do better. (how, who)4. I really don’t know_____the bridge will be finished. (how long, how soon)5. They don’t know_________we are hiking. (what, where)6. I don’t know________so many people are crowding round him. (why, how)7. Do you know_______shirt it is? (who, whose)二. 根据汉语提示完成句子1. 李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。

Li Ming says________ _________interested in playing computer games.2. 我认为玛丽不会回来了 I don’t think Mary________ ________.3. 山姆对我说他准备去上海 Sam told me that he________ ________for Shanghai.4. 请你告诉我去钟楼怎么走吗？ Could you tell me_______I can get to the Bell Tower?5. 我想知道今天晚上有没有去北京的火车 I want to know________there is a train to Beijing.6. 你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？ Do you know________ _________a double room________?7. 请你告诉我们外出多长时间好吗？ Could you tell us__________ _______we are going to be away?。