中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力练习名词要点精读与精练 (含详解).doc

中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力名词考点复习1I. 名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质①She held some flowers in her hand.②The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词①Youth is beautiful.②He is a youth of twenty青春抽象名词年轻人个体名词①They have achieved remarkable success in their work.②—How about the Christmas evening party? —I should say it was a success. 成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意 义名词性质①Iron is a kind of metal.②Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词①He broke a piece of glass.②He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词①I bought a chicken this morning②Please help yourself to some chicken小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 （抽象名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.a B.an C./ D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用表示其中的一部分①Many people agree that___knowledge of English is a must in____international trade today.A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) ②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time③ is money. A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。

这时名词前往往有形容词修饰①Oh, John. _____you gave me!A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise②She looked up when I shouted.A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es（参看有关语法书）。

英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规 则例 词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice 2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species 3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants知识强化2一、单项选择1. Look at the __________. They’re very cute.A. baby B. baby’s C. babies D. baby’s’2. —What’s your _______ name?   —Her name is Mary.A. brother’s B. mother C. sister’s D. brother3. —Whose room is this?— It’s ________.A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy’s and Lily’s C. Lucy and Lily’s D. Lucy’s and Lily4. ________ mothers can’t come to school on School Day because they have to work.A. Bob and Alan’s B. Bob’s and Alan’s C. Bob and Alan D. Bob’s and Alan5. Mr. Liu always gives me ________ on how to learn English.A. an advice B. many advices C. some suggestion D. some advice6. We need lots of ________ every day.A. healthy food B. salads C. milks D. vegetable7. The ________ are 50 dollars.A. ice cream B. soccer ball C. shorts D. T-shirt8. — Could I help you, sir?   — Yes, I want to buy 50 ________.A. pieces of papers B. piece of paper C. pieces of paper D. piece of papers9. —When is ________ birthday?—It’s November 11th.A. Sallys B. Sally C. Sally’s D. Sally is10. He plays the _________ very well. He is going to be a _________.A. violin; violin B. violin; violinist C. violinist; violinist D. violinist; violin11. What color are these ________?A. shirts B. T-shirt C. hat D. sweater12. The shoes are 30 _________.A. dollar B. dollars C. Dollar D. Dollars13. Bill likes bananas, and he likes________, too.A. strawberry B. strawberrys C. strawberries D. s。