石油出国人员必备英语第12章井控.doc

choke manifold 节流管了匚 poor boy degaser油气水分离器 remote control 远控台Mil压井drillers method 司钻法IBOP内防喷器check valve 单流阀safety valve 安全阀HCR液动放喷阀kelly cock方钻杆旋塞 casing pressure 套管压力 standpipe pressure 立管压力 leak-off test地破试验第十二章井控一.常用单词和短语pressure control 圧力控制 pressure gradient 压力梯度 normal formation pressure 正常地层压力 abnormal formation pressure 界常地层压力 kick井涌 blowout 井喷blow out preventer (BOP)防喷器annular BOP环形防喷器upper pipe rams BOP上半封防喷器 lower pipe rams BOP下半封防喷器 blind rams BOP全封防喷器 accumulator 储能器 kill line压井管线二•阅读练习1. 地破试验1) Leak-off test 地破试验A test to determine the maximum pressure integrity of exposed formations at the casing shoe.确定 套管鞋处裸眼地层最人破裂压力的试验。

The procedure is as follows:程序如l下：1. Drill 10 to 20 ft below the casing seal and circulate the hole clean.套管以下钻进 10 到 20 英尺， 循环井眼干净2. Close the well in and pump at a low rate (0.2 to 0.4 bbl/min). Note: Low pump rates are used to avoid fracturing the formation.^井并以低泵速(0.2到0.4桶/分)注：低泵速是为了避免压破地 层3. As the mud is pumped, a plot of the surface pressure versus mud volume should bemaintained (see Figure 着泥浆的泵入，地面压力与泥浆量的保持一定的关系(见图)4. The point at which the pressure fails to increase proportionately with the volume pumped is considered the leak-off point. Record the surface pressure at this point.随着浆量的泵入，压力 不再成比例增长的点就是破裂点。

记录这一点的地面压力5. Normally the test is suspended at this point, because if pumping continues, the formation will fracture.通常这时暂停试验，因为如果继续泵入，地层将会破裂6. Once the surface pressure at which leak-off occurs has been established, the fracture mud weight (Fmw) can be determined by the following circulations:一旦建立起破裂吋的压力，破裂泥 浆重量尸甸可以通过下式汁算：Fracture mud weight破裂泥浆重量(Ib/gal)磅/加仑ps=MWi + 0.052 *7VD图 121Figure 12-1 shows both an example of a successful leak-off 怕st and one which indicates a bad cement job.图是成功地破试验和不合格固井质量的例子。

sd) alnssEd2） Example:举例压力与冲数（排量）的关系分别见表12-1和图12-2LEAK OFF TEST SHA-1沙井地破试验@745 m在745米表strokes 冲数pressure 压力psi00DEPTH井深=745 m2050SPP立管压力=730 psi,25100Mud Weight泥浆重量=1280 kg/m330225LOT =5.744993ZZSPP(psi)/0.052 * Depth (m) * 3.28 * 8.3333340破裂压力0.68967kg/l38510=kg/l=MW + kg/l42610=EMW当塑泥浆重量46720EMW =1.96967kg/l16.41ppg517511970 kg/m357765Surface Pressure = MW(ppg) * 0.052 psi/ft60730地面压力66.56psi/ft6067060666pressure压丿j psi—♦—pressure 压力psi3）最大允许关井压力表12・2是一个具体计算的例子：MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CASING PRESSURE最人介许 套汗WELL NAME:井号 RG|SHA-1CASING SIZE^管尺寸：339.7 mmGWDC RIG5003CASING WEIGHT套管追量：101.18 kg/mSPUD DATE开钻 口期：1999-11-14套管抗朋23,790 kPaDRILLOUT DATE钻水泥塞口期:1999-11-22CSG. LIMIT 套管极限(80% BURST)19,032 kPaFormation Gradient地层梯度：19.47 kFWm Casing Shoe Depth套管鞋深度： 735.00 metresMud Weight泥浆重量 (kg/m3)MACP最大允许关井套压|(kPa)Mud Weight泥浆审盘(kg/沖)从CP最大允许关井套B(kPa)10007100 | 1200565810107028121055861020695612205514103068841230544210406812124053701050674012505298106066671260522510706595127051531080652312405370109064511250529811006379126052251110630712705153112062351280508111306163129050091140609113004937115060191310486511605946132047931170587413304721118058021340464911905730135045762. 井控程序WELL-CONTROL PROCEDURES 井控程序1) Procedure for Closing Well in While on Bottom 在井底时关井程序1. Position kelly and tool joint so that tool joints are clear of sealing elements.调整方卡占杆 和接头位置以便避开密封件。

2. Stop pumps; check for flow.停泵，观察溢流3. If flow is noted, close well in without delay.如果有溢流，立即关井4. Record shut-in drillpipe and casing pressures.记录关井立压和套压5. Record volume gain and mark pits.记录泥浆增量和标记泥浆罐6. Weigh mud in suction pits.测量上水罐泥浆密度7. Check blowout preventer and manifold for leaks.检查防喷器和节流管汇刺漏8. Check flowline and choke exhaust for flow.检査出水管和节流排水刺漏9. Check accumulator pressure.检查储能器压力10. Initiate well kill procedures.启动压井程序2) Procedure for Closing Well in While Tripping 起下钻时的关井程序1. If a flow is detected, install and close a safety valve.如果检测到溢流，安装并关闭安全 阀。

2. Position tool joints clear of the sealing elements and close annular preventer.调整接头 位置避开密封件，关闭环形防喷器3. Install an inside preventer and open the safety valve.安装内防喷器，打开安全阀4. Record casing pressure•记录套管压力5. Check blowout preventer, stack, and manifold for leaks.检查防喷器和节流管汇刺漏6. Check valves for correct position.检查阀的正确位置7. Check accumulator pressure.检查储能器压。