定语从句000002.ppt

修饰名词和代词的成分修饰名词和代词的成分定语定语:a beautiful flowera tall boybeautifultall定语从句：定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句修饰名词和代词的从句This is the best film that I have seen.定语从句定语从句the best film 先行词先行词that关系词关系词This is the best film that I have seen.关系词关系词引导定语从句引导定语从句代替先行词代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用关系词的作用 1） 2） 3）Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun 关系关系代词代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose the usage of the relative adverb关系副词关系副词指代指代所充当的句子成分所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别类别意义意义功能功能形式形式关系代词关系代词限定性限定性定语从定语从句句非限定非限定性定语性定语从句从句起限定作用。

起限定作用若省略，原句若省略，原句意义不完整意义不完整起补充说明作起补充说明作用若省略，用若省略，原句意义不受原句意义不受影响修饰修饰先行先行词词修饰先修饰先行词行词 / 整个句整个句子子无逗无逗号隔号隔开开有逗有逗号与号与主句主句隔开隔开有有that 无无that Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别性定语从句的区别作作宾语宾语时可以时可以省略省略不可以不可以省略省略 The book (that /which) I bought yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.有有有有thatthat，作，作，作，作宾语宾语宾语宾语时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略时可以省略无无无无that ,that ,作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略作宾语时不可以省略 ，我昨天买的那本书是 《哈里.波特与凤凰令》1.指物时只用指物时只用that 或或which 的情况的情况2.介词介词+关系代词关系代词3.Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式4.as 与与which的区别的区别5.指人时指人时that 与与who的区别的区别常见考点常见考点6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题定语从句中的主谓一致问题8.the way 做先行词做先行词9.是是that/which/×还是还是the one /the ones常见考点常见考点1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it考点一考点一:that 与与which 的区别的区别先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定等不定代词时，关系代词用代词时，关系代词用that4. He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it7. Which was the hotel _____ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it先行词为先行词为人和物的人和物的组合组合先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等等修饰时修饰时先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或最高级最高级修饰先行词前有修饰先行词前有序数词序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。

等时若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或者者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关关系代词不要再用系代词不要再用 who, which，，而用而用 that 1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词等不定代词2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时等修饰时3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时4. 先行词为人和物的组合先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用，而用 that只用只用that的情况的情况:考点一考点一:that 与与which 的区别的区别 1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it只用只用which的情况的情况:1,逗号后面逗号后面 2,介词后面介词后面2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952.A.on which B that C which D.this 考点二考点二:介词介词+关系代词关系代词提醒提醒: 介词介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键关键 是判断介词的选择是判断介词的选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系逻辑关系 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。

引出此时关系代词只能用此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可不可用用that 或或who 代替代替The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University..Join them into one sentence.=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用不能用that，，也也不能省略不能省略，常用，常用which或或whom该介词通常可以该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾whom注意注意: :但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置跟词组主体，不作前置 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? Is this the book for which you are looking? Filling blanks:1.The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2.The room __________ my family live used to be a garage.3.This is the girl ______ ______I learned the news.7. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _____ _____ I really enjoyed. with whomin whichfrom whomof which 4.He was educated at the local high school, _____ _____ He went on to Beijing University. (2007江苏）江苏）5.Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ _____ he found a job in a big company. (2007辽宁）辽宁）6.She was educated at Beijing University,_____ _____ she went to have her advanced Study abroad. (2006陕西）陕西）after whichafter whichafter which考点三考点三 Whose 用法及转换形式用法及转换形式1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。

构成名词短语That’s the child whose father is a teacher.Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor?This is a book whose cover is green.2.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以以指人指人，还可以，还可以指物指物 3. whose的先行词指物时的先行词指物时, 可用可用of which代替代替, 但词序不同，但词序不同，即即whose+名词名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.He lives in the room whose window faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.= He lives in the room, faces south.the window of which of which the window  Practice1.The old man has an old vase, ________price is quite high.2. The old man has an old vase, _________________ is quite high.3. The old man has an old vase, _________________is quite high.whose the price of whichof which the price 考点四：考点四：as与与which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用换，但下列情况多用as。

1. 当与当与such或或the same连用时，一般用连用时，一般用ase.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有本身有“正正如如…..正象正象…”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.1. ______ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _____ we use in the experiment ______Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as4. ______ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As5. We do the same work _____ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like链接高考链接高考1._____is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2001全国全国) A. It B. As C. That D. What2. _____ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. （（2003上海春招）上海春招） A. That B. As C. It D. What 3. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. （（2004北京）北京） A. It B. As C. That D. What 4. _____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.（（2004江苏）江苏） A. Which B. When C. What D. As 5．． _______ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. SinceAs is known, reported , announced, mentioned, explained, said, often the case, etc.★★ 当当as作主语时，后面常接下列句型：作主语时，后面常接下列句型： 1．．as has been said before 如上所述如上所述 2．．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样正如可以想象出来的那样 3．．as is well known 众所周知众所周知 4．．as was expected 正如预料的那样正如预料的那样 5．．as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样 6．． as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的正如我们都能看到的 Anyone _____breaks the law is punished.Those _____ break the law are punished.He _____ breaks the law is punished.在在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词作先行词时时, 用用”who” 代替代替 “that”.考点五考点五: that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho 考点六考点六:如何判断用如何判断用关系副词关系副词还是还是关系代词关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分关系词在从句中充当的成分。

做主语，宾语，定语用做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用做状语用关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school. I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing. The house __________ we visited is being repaired now. The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.when(which/that)(which/that)where 考点七考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的定语从句中的动词动词在在人称和数人称和数方面应该与它的方面应该与它的先行词先行词保持一致保持一致1.I am not one who ______afraid of difficulty．．2.Don ’t choose me, who _______not fit for this job．． isam  3. This is one of the best books _______. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written4. She is not the only one of the girls ___ well in class. A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 考点八考点八:the way 做先行词做先行词 1.The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way _______________he explained to us was quite simple.that/in which/×that/which/×缺状语缺状语缺宾语缺宾语考点九考点九:是是which/that/×还是还是the one/the ones a. Is this the factory______________ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _________Lincoln once lived? c. Is this house ________ we visited last year?(which/that)where分析分析:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作若是作状语状语, 就用就用where, when, why等等关系副词关系副词；；若是作若是作主语主语、、宾语或定语宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。

　等　the one1) He still lives in the house ______he was born.2) Is this house _________ he visited last year?3) Is this house ________ he was born?4) Is it in this house ______ he was born? wherethe one wherethat1. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （（04湖北）湖北） A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which高考题链接：高考题链接：1.I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 2.I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 6.This is the reason ____________ he gave. when /in whichwhich/thatwhere/ at whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况对比几种易混的情况对比及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词对比一对比一:关系代词还是关系副词关系代词还是关系副词不及物不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1.He failed in the exam. _______ made his parents angry.2.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of ________ are teachers. 5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem× that对比二：对比二：1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _______ were black with disease. b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______ were black with disease. 2). a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses解题点拨解题点拨 :　　是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。

是区分定语从句和并列句的关键　　　　　　　　themwhomwhichhim 定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句as 引导的非限制性定语从句（１）引导的非限制性定语从句（１）The earth is round. ________is known to all.The earth is round,_________ is known to all._____ is known to all, the earth is round______ is known to all that the earth is round.It／／ＴＴhisas AsIt注意：注意：定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用 as,对比三：对比三：as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 (2)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.This is so interesting a book ____we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。

这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢结果状语从句结果状语从句)对比四对比四 ：：like 无宾语无宾语like 有宾语有宾语对比五：　　　　　　其他句型其他句型A 1. It was seven o’ clock ______ we got home. 2. .It was at seven o’ clock_____ we got homeB 1. It was the store______ I bought the gift. 2. It was in the store______ I bought the gift.whenthatwherethatC 1.The news _________ he told me was very surprising. 2. The news_______ she married an old man was very surprising.D 1. Please make a mark_______ you have a question. 2. Please make a mark at the place_______ you have a question.that/whichthatwherewhere 1. We should go to the place_____ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_____ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练对比训练 1. It was October_____we met in Damiao for the first time. 2. It was in October_____we met in Damiao for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA对比训练对比训练 1. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like him. 2. He is such a good teacher_____ we all like. A. whom B. that C. as D. whichBC The news came__1__ the British Queen’s mother celebrated her 101th birthday in good health, __2__ isn’t surprising, because she lives an easy life and gets the best medical care. A. that; which B. which; which C. that; that D. when; as 难点归纳难点归纳难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where难点三难点三: 综合考查综合考查1.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句2.定语从句与定语从句与名词性名词性从句从句3.定语从句与定语从句与地点状语地点状语从句从句3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.asthat归纳归纳：：as引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词前常被先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成such…as , the same …as, so…as, 结构，做题时容易忽略。

结构，做题时容易忽略as在定语在定语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语从句中应充当成分如：主语、宾语或表语as 与与which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句都能指代整句内容，但定语从句位于内容，但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as, 意为意为“正如、恰如正如、恰如”难点一：难点一：as的用法的用法做题技巧做题技巧?当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句是否看后面从句是否缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语:(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不缺主语和宾语主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时, 后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物模拟训练模拟训练 ：：1. He is such a lazy man_____ nobody wants to work with______. A. as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to____ place ____ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。

我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况难点二：一些特殊词之后的难点二：一些特殊词之后的where解析：解析：如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，等表示抽象意义的词，常用常用where 引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在到了某种地步，在某种境况中某种境况中” 1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk. （（06山东）山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself? ---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on . （（06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：高考题链接：3. After graduation she reached a point in her career _____ she needed to decided what to do.（（2007江西）江西） A. that B. what C. which D. where 4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail ti use the language properly. (2007陕西陕西) A. which B. as C. why D. where 高考题链接：高考题链接：注意：做题要灵活，要分析句子成分，选择注意：做题要灵活，要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。

恰当的关系词 难点三难点三.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句定语从句和其它从句如：强调句如：强调句、、名词性从句和状语从句等的名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的的基础知识基础知识和较强的和较强的综合分析能力综合分析能力友情提示友情提示 where\that1.This is the library_____I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library____I borrowed the book. where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型综合考查一综合考查一：定语从句与强调句：定语从句与强调句3. ---Where did you know her? ---It was on the hotel____ we worked.(2007山东）山东） A. that B. which C. where D. when定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句 1) a. It is in this room ______I lived last year. b. It is the room _______I lived last year. 2) a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to school this morning. b. It was seven o’clock _______he went to school this morning. 分析：分析：强调句型：强调句型：It is/was+ +被被强调的成份强调的成份+ +that/who+ +其它部分其它部分; ; 去掉去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立句子照样成立; ;而定语从句而定语从句的的引导词在句中要作成份引导词在句中要作成份。

thatwherethatwhen综合考查二：综合考查二：定语从句与名词性从句定语从句与名词性从句 1) a. He did all (that) he could to help me . 2) a. All that can be done has been done. 3) a. ___is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. b. It is known to us all _____Taiwan belongs to China. c. _______is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. b. He did what he could to help me.b. What can be done has been done.AsthatWhat定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won. 2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.that that/which/—分析：分析：Our team won .不缺成分，不缺成分， 故为同位语从句故为同位语从句分析：分析：tell sb.sth. 说明说明told缺少直接宾语，缺少直接宾语， 故为故为 定语从句。

定语从句 定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句 1. a. The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited.　　b. The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting. 2. a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich. b. The mother made a promise ___________ pleased all her children. that(that/which)that/whichthat 综合考查综合考查三三：定语从句与：定语从句与状语状语从句从句 1). a. This is such a big stone ____no one can lift it. b. This is such a big stone ____no one can lift. 2). a. Please put the letter in the drawer _____ _________he can easily find it. b. Please put the letter_________he can easily find it.分析：分析：(1) 状语从句中状语从句中的的thatthat 是连词，在从句中不充当是连词，在从句中不充当任任 何成分，而何成分，而定语从句中定语从句中的的asas在从句中要作一个成分在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。

主语，宾语或表语） (2)in which/where引导的是定语从句修饰引导的是定语从句修饰名词名词drawerdrawer,而而where引导的是地点状语修饰引导的是地点状语修饰动词动词putputthatas/in whichwherewhere是是定语从句定语从句还是地点状语还是地点状语从句从句？？1.She found her calculator ______ she lost it. (2000上海上海)A.where B. when C. in which D. whatB.2. The famous scientist grew up ______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai. C. (2002上海春招上海春招) A.when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 3. Don’t leave the sharp knife _______ our little Jane can get it. A. in which B. to which C. that D. where 看看定语从句改错怎么考？看看定语从句改错怎么考？1.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from. 2.This is the very place where we visited many years ago.3. There are ten students are playing basketball on the playground.that^who/thatas1）错用、多用或漏用引导词；）错用、多用或漏用引导词；8. Hangzhou, where we spent last spring there, is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 10.He is just the man whom I often turn for help.2）定）定语从句中的被替从句中的被替换成份没有去掉。

成份没有去掉^to3）定）定语从句中介从句中介词的的错用或漏用用或漏用12. She is the only one of the girls in our class who have been to the United States. 4).定定语从句中的从句中的谓语动词在人称和数上在人称和数上 应与先行与先行词一致一致hasCorrect the sentences:1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.^^__(去掉去掉)which____tothe oneCorrect the sentences:5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I don’t like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_____who___(that/which)^^Correct the sentences:9.This is the last time when I’ve given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable.____ that____ that ____whyit____Correct the sentences:13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down your names.14. That was the reason because she looked old.15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.aswho______________giveswhy^Correct the sentences:17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.18. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19. Which is known to all, many satellite are going around in the sky.20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.that_________hasAsthat________Correct the sentences:21.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.22. The student who’s book I had borrowed didn’t come to school today.23. Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.24. The bike by which I travelled was his.as_____whose____that___on____ 定语从句几种句型归纳：定语从句几种句型归纳：1.This is the most exciting football match that I have ever seen. 2.I don’t like the way in which/that/不填不填 you laughed at others. 3.It is the third time that you have been late this week. It is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.4.The reason why/that he didn’t attend the meeting was that his mother was seriously ill.5. The reason for his failure is that he didn’t work hard.总结解题思路:1.1.通读全句。

首先判断是什么句型通读全句首先判断是什么句型2.2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式3.3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关缺什么，就补什么：缺主或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4. 注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词词and, but等。