法律英语词汇总结.doc

词汇总结（老师分享版总结）Unit 1—51. common law普通法2. equity law衡平法3. precedent 先例4. stare decisis 遵循先例原则5. res judicata 一案不再审6. jurisdiction 管辖权，管辖区，司法区7. trial court 初审法院8. Court of Appeals, appellate court 上诉法院9. appellant/appellee, petitioner/respondent 上诉人/被上诉人，申诉人/被申诉人10. Supreme Court最高法院, SPS, SPP, Procuratorate Chief Justice检察院首席大法官11. court of last resort, first instance终审法院，初审12. court of general jurisdiction 普通管辖权法院13. circuit court巡回法院14. per curiam法官共同决议意见 15. concurring opinion附随意见/并存意见16. dissenting opinion反对意见17. prosecutor procuratorate 公诉人/检察官 检察院18. affirm, reverse, remand维持，撤销，发回重审19. reversal, overruling撤销判决，推翻判决20. en banc全院审判，集体听讼21. holding, dicta 判决，附带意见？22. day in court 出庭应诉23. forum审判地24. venue审判地25. certiorari调卷令26. legal remedy relief 法律救济 27. equitable remedy 衡平法上的救济28. injunction 禁制令29. the legislative立法机构, legislation立法 legislature立法机关 30. the judicial judiciary 司法，司法系统31. the executive行政, execute处死，执行 execution死刑 /enforcement执行, executor 遗嘱执行人 administer 执行 32. statute成文法 statutory right 法定权利33. attorney, barrister/advocate, solicitor, trial advocacy, counsel 律师34. damages 损害赔偿金 punitive damages 惩罚性损害赔偿金35. bench trial 法官审判，王座法庭（无陪审团的法官审） jury trial 陪审团审判36. civil action 民事诉讼 tortious act侵权行为 tort action侵权诉讼37. substantive law 实体法 procedural law 程序法38. diversity of citizenship 州籍不同39. impeachment 弹劾40. separation of powers分权41. checks & balances 制衡42. due process of law 法律正当程序43. bill of rights 权利法案44. judicial interpretation/construction 司法解释 construe解释 literal文字的/liberal慷慨的45. veto power, right to vote否决权46. litigant 诉讼当事人 litigation 诉讼 litigator诉讼人47. infamous crime不名誉罪 fraud欺诈 perjury 伪证罪treason叛国罪 perjure作伪证 defraud 诈骗 defrauded欺骗 48. civil law system大陆法系49. amendment 修正案50. judicial review 司法审查51. Congress/Parliament，senate 国会/议会，参议院52. bring/file/institute/initiate/commence an action, suit, lawsuit, litigation, proceedings诉讼53. binding precedent 有拘束力的先例54. persuasive precedent 有说服力的先例55. Miranda Warnings米兰达警告45. misdemeanor 轻罪 felony 重罪56. probation 缓刑 probate 见证人，见证程序57. parole假释58. larceny theft 盗窃罪59. deceased 死者，被继承人 decedent 死者60. mens rea 犯意61. actus reus 犯罪行为62. causation因果关系, intervening factor 介入因素63. felony-murder rule重罪谋杀规则64. punitive damages 惩罚性赔偿65. civil wrong 民事违法 criminal offense 刑事犯罪66. homicide 杀人罪67. justifiable homicide可证明为正当的杀人罪, excusable可原谅的 68. murder谋杀/谋杀罪69. voluntary manslaughter故意杀人罪70. involuntary manslaughter 过失杀人罪71. Redress赔偿 compensation 赔偿 reimburse 偿还，赔偿72. Warrant逮捕令73. self-defense正当防卫74. liability 责任 liable有责的75. probable cause 正当理由，合理根据76. death penalty死刑77. imprisonment, confinement, incarceration, detention监禁78. forfeiture 没收79. aggravating circumstances加重情节80. mitigating/extenuating circumstances减轻情节81. enter a guilty plea plead guilty 做出有罪答辩82. plea bargaining辩诉交易83. interstate commerce州际贸易84. drug trafficking贩毒 counterfeit goods假冒商品85. illegitimate child私生子，非婚生子86. conviction 有罪裁决 acquittal 无罪裁决87. inquisitorial system纠问制/ adversary对抗制/adversarial对抗制 88. summons传票, subpoena传票, process传票，诉讼过程中的各种命令, citation罚单89. service of process 送达程序90. compulsory process强制到庭程序91. voir dire陪审团资格审查92. peremptory challenge无因回避93. challenge for cause有因回避94. jury charge/instruction 指示陪审团95. rebuttal evidence 反驳证据96. pretrial motions审前动议 move步骤 post-trial审判后动议97. discovery, disclosure证据开示 98. cross-examination交叉询问99. motion for directed verdict申请驳回起诉的动议100. mistrial 无效判决101. hung jury/ deadlocked jury陪审团僵局102. hearsay 传闻证据103. jury deliberation 陪审团审议104. in personam/personal jurisdiction 属人管辖权105. in rem jurisdiction对物管辖权106. subject matter jurisdiction事务管辖权107. fact-finder事情调查者，检察员, trier 审判者108. objection反对, exception 异议，例外109. plaintiff, 原告defendant被告110. prosecution 控诉 defense 辩解111. affirmative defense积极性抗辩112. statute of limitations 诉讼时效113. entrapment 陷阱114. alibi 不在场证据115. intoxication喝醉116. insanity精神失常117. indictment（大陪审团）起诉书/information 公诉书118. complaint 刑事控告书、自诉书119. accusatorial system诉讼程序120. criminal charge 刑事指控121. prima facie case 初步证明的案件122. bail保释，保证金123. arraignment 传讯124. privilege against self-incrimination不得自证其罪的权利125. double jeopardy clause双重追诉条款126. confrontation clause 质证条款，对质条款127. presumption of innocence无罪推定128. grand jury 大陪审团（程序）129. beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑130. by the preponderance of the evidence/ preponderant evidence优势证据131. balance of the probabilities可能性权衡 132. burden of proof 举证责任133. standard of proof 证明标准134. criminal justice system 刑事司法体系135. burglary 盗窃罪136. statutory crime 法定犯罪137. larceny盗窃罪 stolen goods 赃物138. injunctive relief 禁令救济，申请制止侵权的权利139. standing to sue原告资格140. discovery 证据开示141. long-arm statute长臂管辖法142. forum shopping挑选有管辖权的法院143. cause of action原告的起诉。