高中英语虚拟语气精讲超全整理篇.ppt

The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气 英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气三虚拟语气的应用虚拟语气的应用A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用应用B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用A. 虚拟语气在条虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的件状语从句中的应用应用 条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法；2、 混合条件句；3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装4、含蓄条件句;主从句的谓语形式时间If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句didbe---wereshould/would/could/might  + do与事实相反！与事实相反！1)   If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.2) If I had time,I would visit you.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句had  doneshould/would/might/could +have +doneIf the staff had been more careful, the mall would not be on fire now.If you your father’ advice,had takenYou in the traffic jam now.wouldn’t have trapped与将来事实相反与将来事实相反虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句did/ wereshould dowere to doshould/would/could/ might +do表示表示与将来事实与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。

动词原形 明明天天要要是是周周日日的的话话，，我我们们就就不不参参加加考考试了If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次要是失败了，我会再试一次If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam.主从句的谓语形式时间If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)If虚拟句的省略和倒装如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他Were I you, … Had he been there yesterday, …Should it snow tomorrow, …If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。

如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了 如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了 4.If it __________________ _________ (rain) tomorrow, we ________________(not go out). 5.______(be) I in good health, I _____________ (go) with you tomorrow. rained/ should rain/ were to rainwould not go outWerewould/should go 含蓄条件句有时 假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者从上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _________________ (take ) part in the sports meet.2.I _______________ (give) you more help, but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking _________ (be) dead in seven days.4.But for water, it ________ (be) impossible to live in the desert.would￿have￿takenmight have given would be would be This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中) He studied hard at high school, or he couldn’t have entered Beijing University. (暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone) 1. 条件暗含在短语中。

如： What would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help)B. 虚拟语气在某虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用些从句中的应用虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式：1. 名词性从句名词性从句2. 固定句式固定句式3. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况一坚持一坚持 二命令二命令 四建议四建议        五要求五要求 一一 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 insistorder / commandsuggest / advise / propose / recommenddesire / demand / request / require / ask 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气should do! should do! should do! ♥♥1“坚持坚持” insist2“命令命令” order, command3“建议建议” advise, suggest, propose, recommend4“要求要求” ask, demand, require, request, desire + (that) sb (should) do ...或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done  宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。

去休息一下他坚持要我与他同行他坚持要我与他同行他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作去那儿工作老师要求作业要及时完成老师要求作业要及时完成We suggested ___________________ .(that) Tom have a restHe insisted _________________________ .(that) I (should ) go with himThey requested (that) Tom _________________________________ .(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _________________________________ .(should) be finished in timeIt is It is ordered / commanded / ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / suggested / advised / requested / required / requested / required / demanded … demanded … thatthat … … (should) (should) dodo•It is suggested It is suggested thatthat we (should) we (should) practise reading English everyday.practise reading English everyday. (一). 主语从句主语从句that不可省略不可省略这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do•The / One’s The / One’s insistence / order / insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / command / suggestion / advice / proposal / recommendation / request proposal / recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire / requirement / demand / desire is / is / was was thatthat … … (should) do(should) do (二).表语从句表语从句The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.that不可省略不可省略a / the suggestion / request a / the suggestion / request ( (等等) ) thatthat … … (should) do …(should) do …•She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent for at once.•The teacher gives us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday. (三）.同位语从句同位语从句that不可省略不可省略•It’s suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once .•The old woman’s demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week.•We are in favor of the advice that the factory (should) be closed down.主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.Her pale face suggested she was ill.注意：若注意：若insist表示表示“坚持说坚持说”，，suggest 表示表示“表明了，暗示了表明了，暗示了”，后，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气面是宾语从句用陈述语气他命令用专机送药品。

他命令用专机送药品 (一一) 两个常考虚拟语气句型两个常考虚拟语气句型If it weren’t for……—— 要不是要不是…… (固定句式固定句式)与与现在现在事实相反事实相反If it hadn’t been for……与与过去过去事实相反事实相反but for 二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式•If it were not for If it were not for lacking money, I lacking money, I would would go travelling right now. go travelling right now.= = Were it not for Were it not for lacking money, …lacking money, …•If it had not been for If it had not been for your help, we your help, we couldn’t have finished the work couldn’t have finished the work yesterday. yesterday. = = Had it not been for Had it not been for your help , …your help , …  but for  but for（二）（二）If only … ! 要是要是……就好了就好了If only I were a bird!If only we had followed your advice!If only she would go with me!与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似only if只要只要……就，只有就，只有…才才引导的从句位于句首，引导的从句位于句首，主句倒装！倒装！主句倒装！倒装！Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.（三）犹如，好像，仿佛（三）犹如，好像，仿佛as if / as though♥假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气。

假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气♥若从句表示内容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气：若从句表示内容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气：                                                    It looks as if we will be late.试比较：试比较：He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.他真的醉了他真的醉了他没有醉他没有醉It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it were going to rain.快要下雨了快要下雨了不会下雨不会下雨As if /as though在虚拟语气中的用法在虚拟语气中的用法as if / as thoughsb did （（were）） …sb had done … sb would /could do… 现在现在过去过去将来将来与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似should（四）（四） 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did …与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done … 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadn’t told her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow. sb did sb should do注意注意: should不能省略．不能省略．     (五五)  It is (high / about ) time (that)                 “是时候是时候…... (做某事做某事)”现在现在将来将来 It’s necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理应理应如此的如此的) / important … + that sb (should) do（六）（六）. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气1). It is important that we ________________ ( master 精通精通 ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。

 It’s _______ that she _______________ to come to the party.3). 鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的休息是很自然的  It is ______ that a bird _______________ in trees. ( should ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest三三. . 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况1. if1. if2. insist, suggest2. insist, suggest3. 3. as if/thoughas if/thoughinsist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist : “坚决坚决/持要求做某事持要求做某事”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 should do;insist : “坚持认为坚持认为, 坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气The man in prison insisted that he _______(do)nothing and ________( be) set free.The patient insisted that he _______(not be)ill and ___________ (not be) sent to the hospital.He insisted that I had read his letter.He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。

他坚持要我看他的信had doneshould bewasn’tshouldn’t be•suggest : “suggest : “建议建议””用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即should do;should do;•suggest : “suggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示””用陈述语气用陈述语气He suggests we should go at once.  Her expression suggested she was very angry. 他提议我们马上出发.她脸上的表情显示她生气了. 1. The teacher suggested that we ______________  (practise) more  after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _____ (be) ill today. (should) practiseis•When a pencil is partly in a glassWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of  water, it  of  water, it looks as if it were looks as if it were broken. broken. •The dark clouds are gathering. It looks The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it as if it is going tois going to rain. rain. as if / as though6. It is strange that he _____________ (make) such a mistake. That’s unexpected.7. It was required that each student ________ (bring) enough food on the trip.8. My demand is that you _____________ (get )up at six.9. He speaks as if he ___________(be) an Englishman.10. They talked as if they _____________ (be) good friends for years. should make bring (should) get were had beenExercise 1.I advised that you ___ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay ___ be raised. A should B would C must D could3. My father did not go to New 3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.that he _____ there. A. not went A. not went B. won't go B. won't go C. not go C. not go D. not to go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam ____ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished5. Jane’s pale face suggested that she ___ ill . A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he ______right. A. were B. was C. be D. is•7. He insisted that all of us ___________ 7. He insisted that all of us ___________ (get) there on time by any means. (get) there on time by any means. •8. He insisted that he _____________ (not 8. He insisted that he _____________ (not steal) the dimond, and that he should be steal) the dimond, and that he should be set free. set free. (should) gethadn’t stolen考题点击考题点击1. His suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2. She made the demand that the journalists _____at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left3.We are in favor of your 3.We are in favor of your proposalproposal that the meeting that the meeting ______.______. A. should put off A. should put off B. was put off B. was put off C. be put off C. be put off D. is to put off D. is to put off4. It is high time the child ______ to the hospital. A. is sent   B. would be sent C. must be sent D. were sent　　5. If only I ________ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn 6. I wish I ______a bird. A is B were C will be D are7. How I wish that I ___ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit  8. I’d rather you ____ me the news.       A. not tell            B. not to tell                    C. didn’t tell         D. hadn’t toldE.Exercises8.（安徽卷）（安徽卷）It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.A. had B. had hadC. would haveD. would have had9..（江（江苏卷）卷） It might have saved me much trouble______ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known10.(重重庆卷卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.Didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written13. If we ____ a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.A.have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked14. ---Do you think George has passed the driving test? ---No. If so, he ____ his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【【答案答案】】D【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气。

根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，考查虚拟语气根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了可知我们就不可能在这里站着排队了可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态用过去完成时态答案答案】】C【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已考查虚拟语气根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟去的虚拟If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用，主句使用情态动词情态动词+ have done故答案选故答案选C15. I should not have laughed if I ____ you were serious.A.thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought16. My mom suggests that we ____ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would【【答案答案】】C【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气。

此处为考查虚拟语气此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟答案答案】】A【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气题干关键词为考查虚拟语气题干关键词为suggest，表示，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用“（（should+）动）动词原形词原形”的虚拟语气，故选的虚拟语气，故选A17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he ____ able to speak it much better now.A.will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been18. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ____ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. were D. is【【答案答案】】B【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气。

此题为考查虚拟语气此题为if虚拟条件句，从句时虚拟条件句，从句时间为间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为过去式后接动词原形，答案为B答案答案】】B【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气题干关键词为考查虚拟语气题干关键词为recommend，，表示表示“推荐，建议推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用，后接宾语从句时应用（（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为，故答案为B19. --- It rained cats and dogs this morning. I’m glad we took an umbrella. --- Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we ____ . A.hadn’t B. haven't C. didn't D. don't20. I ____ to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone【【答案答案】】A【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气。

虚拟条件句主句从句均为对考查虚拟语气虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选从句使用过去完成时态，故选A答案答案】】D【【解析解析】】考查虚拟语气根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参考查虚拟语气根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空选项中能表示对过去虚加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有拟的只有D答案：用情态动词过去式后加答案：用情态动词过去式后加have done表示高考链接高考链接2012•【2012福建】31. We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _____ more places of interest yesterday.•A. visited B. had visited •C. would visit D. would have visited•【答案】D高考链接高考链接2012•【2012陕西】17. If my car _____ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.•A. was B. had been •C. should be D. would be •【答案】B高考链接高考链接2012•【2012山东】30. If we _____ adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t have been so successful.•A. haven’t made B. wouldn’t make C. didn’t make D. hadn’t made•【答案】D高考链接高考链接2012•【2012湖南】29. Sorry，I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.•A. have had B. had had •C. have D. had •【答案】D高考链接高考链接2012•【2012天津】15. We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold ______ us a ride home.•A. didn’t offer B. wouldn’t offer •C. hasn’t offered D. hadn’t offered •【答案】D高考链接高考链接2012•【2012辽宁】33. Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.•A. will do B. has done •C. do D. did •【答案】D高考链接高考链接2012•【2012浙江】19. Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.•A. may have B. could have •C. must have had D. might have had•【答案】D•1.（2011全国）32. They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.•A. will B. can •C. must D. should高考链接高考链接2011。