山东省潍坊市2019年中考英语题型专项复习 题型一 阅读理解课件

1、潍坊题型一 阅读理解,一、阅读理解“三步定位法” 第一步 看题干，定位题干关键词。 先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。 第二步 读文章，以词定位找原文。 带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和 句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。,第三步 回看题，连线解读定答案。 细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行定位，精准 连线，锁定答案。,二、具体解题技巧 (一)选择型阅读理解 1细节理解题 该题型多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目， 属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占 总分值的60%85%。其命题方式：用what, where, which,why, who, how等疑问词进行提问；用according to.开头， 后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构、系表结构等 的设题方式；以because的提问方式等。,解答该类题目时应注意以下几点： (1)若问题的答案是文中的原句，直接作答即可； (2)若问题的答案涉及的是总结性的句子，要特别注意对原 文中与答案相关句子的总结。,I grew up in New Hampshire, a small

2、town in South Canada, where in my fathers words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fair time and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市) was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.,Q: Thousands of people came to the town to at the fair. Aenjoy Grandmas food Bsell and buy things Clearn to cook Dhave a big party,【解析】 B 由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇上是 为了在集市上买卖东西，故选B。,2推理判断题 该题型的命题方式主要有：对细节的推理判断、对某个问题 或某一部分的观点、态度

3、的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中 的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的提问方式：,(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that. (2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that. (3)The sentence/paragraph/passage implies that. (4)By saying., the author means. (5)What can we infer from the.?,(6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests. (7)From the second example we can infer that. (8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that.,One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science pro

4、gram. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors. “I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left.,Q: It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is Asilly Bstrict Cfriendly Dstrongminded,【解析】 A 由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年龄大一些的 男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断， 他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。,3词义猜测题 该题型要求学生充分理解

5、文章，有时还要结合英语构词 法、语法及相关知识进行合理猜测。,A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with five to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday. Q: What does the underlined word “enveloped” mean in this passage? A信封 B遮盖 C刮走 D灰尘,【解析】 B 由前文可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句 法知识可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除A、D项；再结 合生活常识可判断envelop在此处表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。,4主旨大意题 该题型文章考查考生对文章整体的理解及对主旨大意的概 括能力。常见的提问方式： (1)What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage? (2)The author is mainly concerned wit

6、h. (3)What does the passage mainly discuss?,(4)Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? (5)The passage is mainly about.等。,解答该类题目时应注意以下几点： (1)注意文章标题、开头、结尾、中间的主题句； (2)以原文为依据，只选最适合原文的，不要掺杂个人意见； (3)注意绝对化的单词，如all, must等； (4)避免以偏概全的干扰项。,Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the st

7、udents library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email.,Q: Whats the main idea of this passage? ASchools will go electronic. BComputers will be important. CThere will be robot teachers. DTeachers will communicate with the students parents through email.,【解析】 A 第一句为中心句，后面是对其进行的扩展和 论述，故选A。,5数字推算题 要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系进行简单的计算和 推断。 I won a prize for one of my paintings when

8、 I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school four years later. When I left school, I got some money. I hope to become a fulltime painter.,Q: When finishing school studies, the writer was about A14 B16 C18 D21,【解析】 D 作者14岁因绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校， 毕业时一定在18岁以上，故选D。,(二)还原型阅读理解 1阅读理解五选四的答题关键是对语段、全文结构、内 容的理解和把握。 2做题时要先读五个选项，然后再读文章。抓住关键词， 边读边做题，先易后难，重点阅读设空处附近的句子，圈 定线索词。从选项中寻找相关的词，以确定答案。做题时 要特别注意以下几类词：,(1)代词。做题时，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者 指示代词。代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，通过代 词在句子中所作的成分可推断出它指代的句子的类型。,(2)特殊疑问词。如果选项中或设空前出现特殊

9、疑问词，一定 要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方 式是不一样的。比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表示 原因的词；对when的回答，后面要有表示时间的状语；对 where的回答，后面要有表示地点的名词；对how的回答， 后面要有方式状语等。,(3)连词。通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间的关 系。常在文章中出现表示转折的连词有but, however, yet, though, nevertheless等，表示并列关系的连词有and, also, as well as, neither.nor., either.or., not only. but also., on the one hand. on the other hand.等。,3对于难以做出选择的空缺处，可以暂时搁置，先将确 定的题目答完，然后用代入排除法。至此，文章的要点和 主旨，各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。,4四个小题都做完后，要重新阅读全文，查漏补缺，此时 可将选出的答案代入原文。重点做刚才没做出的题或不确定 的题，同时检查核对已选出的答案，看文章在内容上是否语 义连贯合理，语篇结构上是否通顺连贯，合乎逻辑。,

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