文艺复兴英语

1、Renaissance,overview origins characteristics The three geniuses of Renaissance,Overview,14th17th centuries cultural movement European Beginning in Italy literature, philosophy art, music, politics, science, religion,Origins,13th century Italy Florence People lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on human beings and material possessions,Social and political structures in Italy,The unique political structures of late Middle Ages Italy have led some to theorize that its unusual

2、 social climate allowed the emergence of a rare cultural efflorescence. Italy did not exist as a political entity in the early modern period. Instead, it was divided into smaller city states and territories,Beginning of the Renaissance,The Italian Renaissance had placed human beings once more in the center of lifes stage and infused thought and art with humanistic values. In time the stimulating ideas current in Italy spread to other areas and combined with indigenous developments to produce a F

3、rench Renaissance, an English Renaissance, and so on.,Why the Renaissance emerged in Italy ?,Its prosperous trade and production of handicraft . Its rich variety of urban social life coinciding with the emergence of more cities . The wealth of culture passed down from the artistic and architectural heritage of Rome and the fourth was the use of Latin as a common language in the Italian society .,Cultural conditions in Florence,It has long been a matter of debate why the Renaissance began in Flor

4、ence, and not elsewhere in Italy. Scholars have noted several features unique to Florentine cultural life which may have caused such a cultural movement.,Lorenzo de Medici, ruler of Florence and patron of arts,Characteristics,Humanism Art Science,Why the Renaissance began in Florence,Many have emphasized the role played by the Medici, a banking family and later ducal ruling house, in patronizing and stimulating the arts. Lorenzo de Medici (14491492) was the catalyst for an enormous amount of art

5、s patronage, encouraging his countrymen to commission works from Florences leading artists, including Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli, and Michelangelo Buonarroti. Works by Neri di Bicci, Sandro Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci and Filippino Lippi had been commissioned additionally by the convent di San Donato agli Scopeti of the Augustinians order in Florence.,Humanism,The humanists believed that it is important to transcend to the afterlife with a perfect mind and body. This transcending bel

6、ief can be done with education. The purpose of humanism was to create a universal man whose person combined intellectual and physical excellence and who was capable of functioning honorably in virtually any situation. This ideology was referred to as the uomo universale, an ancient Greco-Roman ideal. The education during Renaissance was mainly composed of ancient literature and history. It was thought that the classics provided moral instruction and an intensive understanding of human behavior.,

7、Pico della Mirandola. He wrote the famous Oration on the Dignity of Man, which has been called the “Manifesto of the Renaissance“,Art,The development of perspective was part of a wider trend towards realism in the arts.To that end, painters also developed other techniques, studying light, shadow, and, famously in the case of Leonardo da Vinci, human anatomy. Underlying these changes in artistic method, was a renewed desire to depict the beauty of nature, and to unravel the axioms of aesthetics,

8、with the works of Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael representing artistic pinnacles that were to be much imitated by other artists,Michelangelos tomb in the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence,science,One important development was not any specific discovery, but rather the further development of the process for discovery, the scientific method. It focused on empirical evidence, the importance of mathematics, and discarded Aristotelian science. Early and influential proponents of these ideas inclu

9、ded Copernicus, Galileo, and Francis Bacon.6566 The new scientific method led to great contributions in the fields of astronomy, physics, biology, and anatomy.,Galileo Galilei. Portrait in crayon by Renaissance sculptor Leone Leoni,Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raffaello Sanzio,The three geniuses of Renaissance,Da VinciMona Lisa,The Mona Lisa is the most famous masterpiece.Its da Vincis highest artistic achievement. Da Vincis unique artistic language is the use of light and shade to create a three-dimensional sense of the image of the plane. He once said:“the greatest miracle of painting, is to make the picture showing a concave and convex“ Da Vinci has shown a very high talent in painting since childhood, so his father sent him to the painting workshop to learn painting. Before the start of the study, the teacher let da Vinci practice painting an egg for many days.,Mona Lisa,Finally Da Vinci got impatient, he thought the teacher looked down upon him. A

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