呼吸病学-支气管哮喘课件
50页1、,支气管哮喘 Bronchial Asthma,智汇文库,Outline,Burden of Asthma Definition of Asthma Etiology and Mechanism Diagnosis and Classification Asthma Medications Asthma management and Prevention,Burden of Asthma,Health care expenditures very high Developed economies might expect to spend 1-2 percent of total health care expenditures on asthma. Developing economies likely to face increased demand Poorly controlled asthma is expensive; investment in prevention medication likely to yield cost savings in emergency
2、care,Asthma Prevalence and Mortality,Source: Masoli M et al. Allergy 2004,Epidemiology of Asthma,Definition of Asthma,A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways Many cells and cellular elements play a role Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing Widespread, variable, and often reversible airflow limitation,Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD,Mechanisms,Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD,As
3、thma Inflammation,Source: Peter J. Barnes, MD,Asthma Inflammation,Risk Factors for Asthma,Host factors: predispose individuals to, or protect them from, developing asthma Environmental factors: influence susceptibility to development of asthma in predisposed individuals, precipitate asthma exacerbations, and/or cause symptoms to persist,Factors that Influence Asthma Development and Expression,Host Factors Genetic - Atopy - Airway hyperresponsiveness Gender Obesity,Environmental Factors Indoor al
4、lergens Outdoor allergens Occupational sensitizers Tobacco smoke Air pollution Respiratory Infections Diet,Major Indoor Asthma Triggers,Is it Asthma?,Recurrent episodes of wheezing Troublesome cough at night Cough or wheeze after exercise Cough, wheeze or chest tightness after exposure to airborne allergens or pollutants Colds “go to the chest” or take more than 10 days to clear,Asthma Diagnosis,History and patterns of symptoms - Episodic symptoms after an incidental allergen exposure, seasonal
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