(愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义)【精品-ppt】

1、Lesson Ten,Diogenes and Alexander Gilbert Highet,About the Author About the Text Text structure Word Study Detailed Discussion of the Text In-class Discussion,Teaching Procedures,About the Author,Gilbert Highet (19061978) was born in Glasgow, Scoltland, educated at Glasgow and at Oxford, and became a naturalized American citizen in 1951.He was known for his scholarly and critical writing.,About the Text,Cynic and Cynicism (愤世疾俗者与犬儒主义) ： The Oxford English Dictionary describes a cynic as a person

2、 “ disposed to rail or find fault “ and as one who “shows a disposition to disbelieve in the sincerity or goodness of human motives and actions, and is wont to express this by sneers and sarcasm.” In short ,the cynic is “a sneering fault-finder”,About the Text,The ancient school of Cynicism was founded in the fourth century BC by Antisthenes. The Cynics urged both men and women to follow a way of life in harmony with nature and to reject all unnecessary civilized luxuries. They also rejected all

3、 social conventions ,customs and laws.,Text Structure,Part One(para.1-10) Description of Diogenes as a beggar, a philosopher and a missionary, his lifestyle and doctrine: Cynicism. Part Two(para.11-12) Description of Alexander the Conqueror, who was the greatest man of the time . Part Three(para.13-17) The dramatic encounter of the two , revealing that only these two men were the real free man in the world .,Word Study,lunatic adj. sb who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way; a mad man word ori

4、gin: Insanity was once believed to be controlled by the moon and its phases. Lunatic literally means “moonstruck”, subject to the changes of the moon, and comes from the Latin word luna,moon. Know sb: you are quite familiar with the person know of sb: you have been told or you have read or heard about this person.,Word Study,mischievous adj. playing tricks on people or doing things to annoying or embarrass them e.g. a mischievous look/smile/trick a mischievous letter/rumor mischief n. mischief-m

5、aker: n. person who deliberately cause trouble or discord abuse n. : rude, angry, and offensive words,Word Study,squatter: n. a person who lives in an empty building or on a piece of land without pay any rent. corrupt adj. very bad morally e.g. a corrupt society corruption: n. dishonest, illegal, or immoral behavior cask: n. a round wooden container used for storing wine or other liquids,Word Study,satirize: vt. to use satire to make fun of peoples faults e.g. a play satirizing the fashion indus

6、try satire satirical convert: v to to change or make someone change their opinion, belief or habit. e.g. I have converted to decaffeinated coffee. convert sb to sth e.g. My daughter finally converted me to Gun n Roses.,Word Study,expound: vt. sth (to sb) (fml) explain or make sth clear by giving details e. g. He expounded his views on education to me at great length. doctrine: n. a belief or set of beliefs that form the main part of a religion or system of ideas. e.g. Marxist doctrine, the doctr

7、ine of predestination elaborate: adj. carefully worked out and full of details e.g. elaborate furniture/meals/plan/system/hairstyle,Word Study,extravagance n. the act of spending a lot of money on things that are not necessary e.g. His extravagance explains why he is always in debt. extravagantly adj. procure v. sth (for sb) to obtain sth, esp sth that is difficult to get e.g. The book is out of print and difficult to procure. procurement n.u (fml) e.g. the procurement of goods,raw materials, su

8、pplies,weapons,Word Study,perishable: adj. easy to fall into decay if not kept under specific conditions. e.g. Perishable food should be stored in a refrigerator. perishables: n. pl. goods (esp food) which go bad or decay quickly, such as fish or soft fruit missionary: n. originally a person sent by a church to a foreign country to convert local people to Christianity Here: a person who feels that he has a mission or sacred duty to do sth,Word Study,chivalrous: adj. 1) behaving in a polite, kind

9、, generous and honorable way, esp towards women 2) (in the Middle Ages) showing the qualities of a perfect knight. chivalry n. u emulate: vt. sb (at sth) (fml) try to do as well as or better than sb e.g. She tried to emulate her ealder sister at the piano. emulation n. u e.g. She worked hard in emulation of her elder sister.,Word Study,paradox: n. a statement that seems impossible because it contains two oppositing ideas that are both true. e.g. “More haste, less speed” is a well known paradox. paradoxical adj. unanimous: adj. (in) 1) all agreeing on a decision or an opinion e.g. The villagers are unanimous in their opposition to the building of a bypass. 2) (of a decision, an opinion,etc) given or hold by everybody e.g. The proposal was accepted with unanimous approval.,1. He had done his business like a dog at the roadside, washed at the public fountain. (para. 1) He had emptied his bowels or passed water like a dog at the roadside. 2. He knew they were mad, eac

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