清寒世界里的生命热忱——论克里丝蒂娜·罗塞蒂的诗意境界

1、1清寒世界里的生命热忱论克里丝蒂 娜罗塞蒂的诗意境界 摘 要 克里丝蒂娜罗塞蒂是英国文学史上最有才华的女诗人之一，又是一位颇具传奇色彩与神秘气息的精神诗人，但在中国长期以来不为人们所注意。克里丝蒂娜以 17 世纪的精神诗人乔治赫伯特为师，又融入了先拉裴尔派唯美、忧郁与细腻的艺术风格，因此，她的诗作具有双重张力：宗教虔信下的爱情企盼与清寒自制里的热切奔放。哀婉的诗情，难消爱的温热；貌似平静的吟咏中，涌动着情感的激流；这种看似矛盾其实又统一的诗意境界才是她真实的精神与艺术风貌。克里丝蒂娜一生为宗教所困，诗作中的忧伤情调确切无疑地根源于她的宗教情感，使她的诗像带着镣铐跳舞般摇摇晃晃；而她优秀的诗作，生命的热忱却能够冲决宗教的围困。关键词 清新哀婉;宗教虔信;热切深情;爱情挫折;生命热忱。 The Enthusiasm and Devotion in the World of Cold and Clear On Christina Rossettis Poetic Realm Abstract: Christina Georgina Rossetti is the finest woman p

2、oet in the history of English literature. Her poetry is suffused with religious piety; she modeled herself on the seventeenth-century spiritual poet George Herbert in this respect. She was also associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood led by her brother D. G. Rossetti, and shared the Pre-Raphaelite taste for beautiful but sad and rather languid imagery, but her diction is remarkable for its simplicity and sincerity. Like her brothers Dante Gabriel and William Michael, Christina developed a

3、n early love for art and literature. When she was an adolescent, her life changed dramatically. Her father became a permanent invalid; the familys economic situation worsened, and her own health deteriorated. At this point, she, her mother, and her sister became intensely involved with Anglo-Catholic movement within the Church of England. For the rest of her life, Christina governed herself by strict religious principles and refused twice her suitors for marriage. Then she lived a quiet life, oc

4、cupying herself with 2charitable work, with caring her family and with writing poetry. She started to write poetry early in life but did not publish her first collection of poetry, “Goblin Market and Other Poems”, till 1862. She wrote with intensity as much as her brother though in a simpler style. The long narrative poem “Goblin Market”, primarily meant for children and written in sing-song short-lined couplets, is about two sisters Lizzie and Laure who were tempted by goblins to taste of the f

5、orbidden fruit in their childhood and about the lesson they thereby learned. Actually it is nothing more than a charming nursery rhyme, though the poet herself probably tried to insert much religious significance into the tale.Christinas poetry is not all piety, self-abnegation and gloom. As an important woman poet in England in late 19th century, Christina Rossetti is chiefly celebrated for her short lyrics, several of which are truly gems as elegies and love lyrics in the English language. “Wh

6、en I am dead,my dearest” contains two poignant stanzas of haunting rhythm, ending on a note of lingering sadness: “Haply I may remember, / And haply may forget.” Another elegy, “Remember me when I am gone away”, is yet another sad song in anticipation of ones own death that has an equally effective ending: “Better by far you should forget and smile / Than that you should remember and be sad.” Yet another celebrated lyric which speaks of the loved ones joy upon loves fruition is “A Birthday”. Her

7、e the joyous heart is compared to a singing bird, an apple tree, a rainbow shell, and successive acts of celebration of the happy event are suggested, “Because the birthday of my life / Is come, my love is come to me.” All these lyrics were outpourings, as it were, from the poets innermost recesses of mind and served as priceless expressions of her genuine emotions on the occations of their composition. And these poms, no less than those of Emily Dickinson, have had their influence upon a number

8、 of English and American woman poets in the 20th century.Key words: simplicity and grief; religious piety; enthusiasm and devotion; love setbacks; existence sincerity. 克里丝蒂娜乔治娜罗塞蒂 (Christina Georgina Rossetti, 1830 一 1894) 是英国文学史上最有才华的女诗人之一。20 世纪英国著名女作家弗吉尼亚伍尔芙曾说:“在英国女诗人中克里丝蒂娜罗塞蒂名列第一位，她的歌唱得好像知更鸟，有时又像夜莺。 ”1 (p.204)克里丝蒂娜是英国维多利亚时代著名女诗人，先拉裴尔派的一员。她的诗受其兄但丁迦百列罗塞蒂(Dante Gabriel Rossetti, 1828 一 1882；画家兼诗人，先拉裴尔3派的领袖)影响，兼有抒情性和神秘性，并带有悲哀的和象征的色彩。但与其兄相比又各有特色：兄的诗浓艳华丽而妹的诗清新哀婉，兄重感官而妹重虔信。尽管二人都带有中世纪色彩，但妹的中世纪色彩有较浓的宗

9、教情绪，而兄的诗中的宗教材料只不过是一种艺术素材；妹怀着宗教幻想仰望着天，而即使是兄的升天的少女也从天上满怀深情地回望着大地。相比之下，克里丝蒂娜比哥哥更多宗教虔诚，更专心致志于诗艺，她的诗用词清纯、简练、情感真挚、平易近人，因此在英语诗歌史上经久不衰。一、人生的界标：父亲大病与宗教虔信克里丝蒂娜生长于书香门第。其父迦百列罗塞蒂(Gabriel Rossetti)是意大利爱国者和诗人，因反抗奥地利统治，于 1824 年逃往英国定居，在伦敦大学的国王学院中任拉丁语及意大利文学教授。克里丝蒂娜的父母于 1826 年结婚，婚后接连生了四个孩子：老大玛丽亚弗朗西丝卡（Maria Francesca）、老二但丁迦百列、老三威廉迈克尔(William Michael)和老小克里丝蒂娜乔治娜。这个家庭热情、活泼，爱聊天，充满爱心；孩子们看戏看歌剧，有时也在家中置起舞台道具表演一些有趣的小故事，读书、画画、写作更是日常生活的必须。四个由古雅的书籍经卷及热烈的阳光笑语伴着长大的孩子，都是聪明、早熟、可爱：但丁迦百列诗情难收、画兴更浓；威廉迈克尔温柔敦厚，喜欢钻研古籍和理论；最受娇宠的克里丝蒂娜，从小就是家中的诗人。然而，自 1843 年父亲突然病倒引起的家庭变故：父亲失业后母亲和姐姐做家庭教师维持生计的窘困与贫寒，亲眼目睹曾经精力充沛的父亲被病魔一天天消蚀的惨状，以及母亲和姐姐虔信英国国教(Anglo-Catholic)的影响，十六岁时克里丝蒂娜性格开始发生剧变:曼妙美丽的快乐童年造就的那个活泼、开朗、4好表现自己、爱讨人喜欢的小姑娘完全不见了，她变得阴郁、内向、矜持、缄默，宗教渐渐成了她生命中最重要的一部分。她是兄长但丁罗塞蒂画面上的那位低垂着眉眼、美丽而沉默的少女时代的圣母玛丽亚，白色的百合纯洁无暇，但这过分的纯真却让人觉得冰冷；快乐自足的童年已逝，青春仍在的克里丝蒂娜却宛如一支清寒的百合，近在咫尺却遥不可及。这场病一直拖到 11 年以后父亲去世为止。鲁迅先生在呐喊自序里曾谈及“父亲的病”及“家庭变故”对自己人生发展的重大影响；天生体弱、敏感早慧的克里丝蒂娜无疑也因此而受到剧烈震撼，在她的人生历程上留下了最惨痛的印迹：她深深感到世界的

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