[课件]高考英语-阅读理解细节理解题(共85张)

1、【命题人点拨】,细节理解题在高考中占有较大比例，其主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。,一、命题特点 所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问）、语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。,其常见设问方式有： 1. Which of the following is/isnt true? 2. Which of the following is not mentioned? 3. Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. 4. All of the following statements may be true/false except. . .,5. Which of the following ma

2、ps/diagrams gives the right position of. . . ? 6. What does the writer pay least attention to? 7. Which of the following is not the result of. . . ? 8. Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what. . . is like? 9. The author mentions all of the following except. . . 10. All of the following statements are true except. . .,【名师点睛】 1. 细节理解题解题策略 （1）细心审题，直接根据问题找答案。 解答此类题目时，不必通篇细读全文，要采取代入法，即带着问题在原文中寻找答案，先从问题中找准关键词，然后进行信息定位，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找相关信息。 （2）变通理解，间接转述分析选项。 根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，进行变通，避免误选答案

3、。,（3）多方归纳，综合事实定答案。 细节理解题有时考查的不是单一的信息，而是多处信息的整合，这时要有足够的耐心，一定要全面捕捉相关信息，进行综合分析、归纳、切不可草率地进行选择。,2. 细节理解题干扰项特点 （1）扩缩范围 （2）张冠李戴 （3）正误并存 （4）无中生有 （5）望文生义 （6）偷换概念 （7）文不对题,3、命题中主要采用以下几种干扰方法： 1. 干扰项被偷换概念。干扰项与原句极为相似，只是略微有些变动。望文生义是造成错误选择的主要原因。 2. 干扰项有正有误。一些干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。因此，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都是需要排除的干扰项。 3. 干扰项范围发生了变化。有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小范围的方式来误导考生。 考生在答题时一定要提防上述干扰手法，小心谨慎对待。,3. 各考点解题策略 （1）对号入座题 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。弄清细节、准确获取信息，确定最

4、佳答案。,二、考点分类 【考点一】对号入座题 A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet- and- exercise programs; a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average, people lost about 11 pounds, or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better, losing an average of 12 pound

5、s, more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overallmostly with their dogsand found it worth doing.,Q：The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that_ . A. people with dogs did more exercise B. dogs lost the same weight as people did C. dogs liked exercise much more than people did D. people without dogs found the program unhelpful,【思路剖析】此题为对号入座题。属于直接事实理解。根据文章最后一段“Dog owners didnt lose any m

6、ore weight than those without dogs but, say researchers, got more exercise overall. . . ”可知，狗的主人虽然没有比那些没有狗的人减肥明显，但是他们做了更多的运动，答案为A项。 【答案】A,（2）是非判断题 此类试题多根据文章的一段或数段提问，考查考生在现实生活中的阅读技能，即快速、准确寻找所需信息的能力。这种题目因为覆盖面较广，搜索定位时间较长，因而难度较大，容易给考生带来心理压力。因此考生遇到此类题型时，首先要调整心理状态，冷静地返回到文章中去寻找答案。在解题时可采取以下步骤：,读懂题干和四个选项的内容，提炼和记忆它们的主要意思; 带着问题去阅读文章，扫描和搜寻信息点，与题目不相关的句子和语段很快掠过，相关信息语言区域则要放慢速度，细致地对照原文和选项提供的信息； “对号入座”，找到解题范围后，立刻排除明显的干扰项，然后“逐个突破”，对余下的选项进行筛选，使选项的范围越来越小，判断的准确率越来越高。,【考点二】是非判断题 (2010山东高考)Christopher Thomas, 27, was

7、a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. Diagnosed with diabetes(糖尿病), Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰岛素) three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage, blindness and even death. And if that werent bad enough, he had no health insurance.,After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back. He left Canton, Michigan for New York, got a job waiting tables, nicknamed hims

8、elf the Diabetic Rockstar, and created diabeticrockstar. com, a free online community for diabetics and their loved onesa place where over 1, 100 people share personal stories, information and resources.,Q：Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas? A. He needs to go to the doctor every day. B. He studies the leading cause of diabetes. C. He has a positive attitude to his disease. D. He encourages diabetics by writing articles.,【思路剖析】由第一段第一句“Christopher Thomas, 27, was a writer by nigh

9、t and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast. ”可知，他写作是在检查出得病之前的事，所以排除D项；根据第二段第一句“After a month of feeling upset, Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back. ”以及下文的建立网站可以看出，尽管他生病，但对疾病他有着积极向上的态度。故C项正确。 【答案】C,（3）语意转换题 细节题主要考查考生对某句话或某几句话的理解，若能根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。 此类题目一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案，但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型去表达相同的思想。例如：原文用双重否定，选项用肯定的句式; 进行同义词替换或句子结构的变换; 或原文与选项互换反义词等等。然而这只是词语和句法上的变化，意思是一致的。同时要注意常见干扰项的特点，以免落入陷阱。,【考点三】语意转换题 （2010广东高考）When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.,People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, pe

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