小升初英语专项复习第16讲：句法 外研版一起

第16讲 句法1、陈述句说明事实或陈述说话人观点的句子基本结构：主语＋谓语＋其他1）肯定陈述句 We all like pandas very much.2）否定陈述句 He doesn’t do housework at weekends3）肯定陈述句改否定陈述句①一般是在be动词或情态动词后加notMary was at school yesterday. —> Mary was not at school yesterday.I can make a model plane. —>I can not make a model plane.②不含be动词或情态动词的，行为动词前要用助动词的否定式（don’t，doesn’t，didn’t），后面跟动词的原形He likes drawing pictures.—>He doesn’t like drawing pictures.I went to the park yesterday. —>I didn’t go to the park yesterday.4）陈述句改一般疑问句①有be动词或情态动词的，把be动词或情态动词提前。

Mary was at school yesterday. —> Was Mary at school yesterday? I can make a model plane. —> Can you make a model plane?②不含be动词或情态动词的句子，借助助动词开头，动词还原成原形 He likes drawing pictures.—>Does he like drawing pictures. I went to the park yesterday. —>Did you go to the park yesterday?2、疑问句用来提出问题，询问情况的句子，末尾用问号1）一般疑问句：一般疑问句常用来询问一件事是否属实，通常以be动词，助动词或情态动词开头，用yes或no来回答，因此又叫是非疑问句，通常读升调—Is Mr Green from the UK? —Yes，he is. / No，he isn’t.—Do you have any hobbies? —Yes，I do. / No，I don’t.—Can you play the guitar? —Yes，I can. / No，I can’t.2）特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词引导，要求回答具体问题，不能用yes或no来回答。

—How do you go to work every day? —I go to work by car.3）选择疑问句：提供两种或两种以上情况，让对方选择，往往用or连接—Would you like some tea or coffee? —Some coffee, please.4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成—It’s a fine day, isn’t it? — Yes ,it is.3、祈使句表示请求或命令别人做某事或不做某事1）用于第二人称，通常省略you①肯定祈使句：Open the door, please. ②否定祈使句：Don’t be late again.2）用于第一人称和第三人称，通常以let（let后跟宾格）或shall开头Let me have a look. Let’s play a game now. Let him go home now.Shall we meet at one thirty in front of the Garden Theatre?4、感叹句表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情，句尾常用感叹号（!），语气用降调。

1）what + 名词或名词性短语 What a big garden (it is)!What an interesting storybook (it is) !What lovely weather (it is)!What pretty girls (they are)!2）how +形容词或副词＋主语＋动词How nice!How beautiful the flowers are!How tall Yao Ming is!5、there be 句型 表示在某地有某人或某物1）主语是单数，be动词用is(was)；主语是复数，be动词用are(were)There is some milk in the fridge.There are some peaches in the basket.2）如果有几个不同的人或物并列存在，be动词根据最靠近的那个名词而定There is a ruler and five knives in the pencil case.There are five knives and a ruler in the pencil case.3）there be句型和have/has区别：there be句型表示某地有某人或某物；have/has表示某人有某物。

has用于第三人称单数，其余人称和数用haveThere are some English books on the desk.I have some English books. 。