高中英语考语利用七大策略

利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思考例1】（2021年全国甲卷，C篇）9. What do the underlined words “Safe！Safe！Safe！” probably mean？A.Be careful！B.Well done！C.No way！Don’t worry！【解析】原文：A few minutes later， when I landed the trick， my friends beat their boards loud， shouting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater.本题可以用释义法解题根据画线部分后面的解释“And that’s what mattered—landing tricks， being a good skater.（那才是真正重要的——掌握了滑板的落地技巧，才能成为一名好的滑板玩家。

可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，由此可以推出本句的“Safe”有赞美之意，故选B项考例2】（2020年5月天津卷，C篇）47. The expression “added bonus” refers to the fact that electric planes.A. give passengers more pleasant viewsB. bring airlines more financial benefitsC. offer more enjoyable flying experiencesD. cost less in maintenance than traditional ones【解析】原文：There’s also the added bonus that electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.“added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句，解释说明“added bonus”的内容（坐电动飞机更舒服）。

No loud engine noise， no smell of fuel， just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明，电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音，没有燃油的气味，环境安静和谐，这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验，故选C项利用构词法解题英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果，同时结合文章的语境来猜测词义考例1】（2016年全国II卷，B篇）27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.【解析】原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare， “But I’m just not creative.”downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。

因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项考例2】（2010年福建卷，B篇）60. The underlined word “outlawed” in Paragraph 2 probably means “     ”.A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused【解析】原文：Five million more families in sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005 ， after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）， which had outlawed TV， 1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013 — pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.本题可以利用构词法结合文意猜测词义out”作为前缀构成动词时，有“超越，超过”的意思，与“law”连用，意思是“超越了法律”，即为法律所不容。

再结合句子“In 2005， after the fall of the Taliban（塔利班）， which had outlawed TV， 1 in 5 Afghans had one.”可知，2005年塔利班政权垮台以后，五分之一的阿富汗人有了电视机，而在这之前电视应该是“被禁止的”故选B项，“ban”有“禁止”之意利用因果法解题若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义根据前面的原因可以推测后面的结果，根据后面的结果也可以反推前面的原因因果关系的语境通常由because、so、thus、therefore、as a result of、since、so that、so/such...that...等标志词体现考例1】（2020年全国II卷，C篇）30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean？A. Boomed. B. Became mature.C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.【解析】原文：The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades， but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s， the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.由“The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades”这一句可知，几十年来，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠的数量处于控制之下。

根据画线词后的“the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy”可知，这种大小像猫的动物开始疯狂地繁殖，由此推知含有画线词的这一句指出了原因“20世纪80年代末海狸鼠市场‘崩溃了”，故选D项考例2】（2019年全国II卷，B篇）25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.【解析】原文：I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule， or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up， “Alright. Yes， I’ll do it.”由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。

画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项利用同义法解题画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，它往往暗示了该单词或短语的含义，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and、or、like、as well、similarly、too、also、either等当画线单词或短语与其他单词或短语由并列连词或者表示相同相似关系的副词连接时，意味着这两部分内容在含义上是接近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个单词或短语所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思考例1】（2020年全国III卷，B篇）26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean？A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.【解析】原文：One nonprofit organization， which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment， is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.根据“One nonprofit organization， which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment”可知，这个非营利组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式，所以下文应是表达“该组织今年正在密切关注2000多部电影产品”。

keeping tabs on”与“monitors（监控）”表达的意义相同，故选D项考例2】（2015年四川卷，D篇）44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.【解析】原文：And it is not just robins that are b。