语言学笔记
11页1、1. Linguistics studies not any particular language, but languages in general.2. If a linguistic study aims to describe and analyze the language people atcutally use, it is said to be Descriptive(描述性)-synchronic study(共 时研究)If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for correct and standard behaviour in using language, it is said to be Perscriptive(规定性)- diachronic study (动态研究)3. Modern linguistic regards the spoken language as the nature or the primary medium of human language.4. Langue(语言)r
2、efers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community; parole(话语) refers to the realization of langue in actual use.5. Competence: the ideal(normal) users knowledge of the rules of his language; Performance: the actual realization of the knowledge in linguistic communications.6. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols(语言符号系统)used for human communication.7. Displacement(移位性):It means language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate sit
3、uations of the speaker.(things which are present of not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or far-away places.)8. Voicing(浊音):Vibration of the vocal cords( 声带)results in a quality of speech sound called voicing. Its the feature of all vowels and some consonants.Voiceless(清音):When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such a condition are voiceless.9. Speech organs: the tongue, the uvula(小舌),t
4、he soft palate/velum, the hard palate, the teeth ridge/alveolus(齿龈),the teeth and the lips. The tongue is the most flexible, and is responsible for more varieties of articulation (发音)than any otherLarynxVocal cordsFig. L Organs of speech.Hard palateSoft palateUvulaPharynxOesophagusB Vlri 吧 cal arEpielOttlS drink, it will F 口Iiu I i iloii laprrvjnl the r*wxl or drink fraawtianjc d ito询上in神pip此AlveohrridgeTongueBack RootracheaTeethBladeGlot l.i n i ya Ltic openiii| ftt Ihirs imsi tion btlwccn Line
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