世界主要能源数据统计2021-81页

Statistics report Key World Energy Statistics 2021 September 2021 KEY WORLD ENERGY STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its 30 member countries, 8 association countries and beyond. IEA member countries Australia Austria Belgium Greece Hungary Ireland Norway Poland Portugal Canada Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Netherlands New Zealand United Kingdom United States * The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA IEA association countries Brazil China India Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at iea.org/t&c/ Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: iea.org Foreword The International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1974 to promote energy security and provide authoritative analysis for its member countries and beyond. Energy statistics are at the heart of the work of the IEA. Over the years, with input from statisticians all around the world, the IEA has gained recognition as the world’s most authoritative source for energy statistics. Energy statistics are meant to be used. They monitor changes in energy production and use, inform debate, and provide wider understanding, including giving countries sharper insights into their energy transitions. In Key World Energy Statistics (KWES), we highlight key facts and trends from across the vast number of datasets the IEA produces to provide everyone with a clear view of energy systems and markets. In addition to data on specific fuels and energy balances, KWES also contains other important information related to energy transitions, including energy security, efficiency, prices, CO2 emissions and public RD&D expenditures. Reflecting the IEA “Open Doors” policy, the geographic coverage is broad, including data on the whole “IEA family” and beyond. The challenges associated with the development and transformation of our energy systems are considerable, and for this reason I hope that these statistics will not only inform but also help policy makers and others make wise decisions to ensure our energy is produced and consumed in a secure, affordable, efficient, and sustainable manner. As I like to say, data always wins. It brings the “state of play” of our energy systems into sharp focus. This has never been more true than it is today, with the world economy undergoing significant structural change as a consequence of Covid-19. I would therefore like to thank the whole team in the IEA Energy Data Centre, under the outstanding leadership of Nick Johnstone, for their work in making sure we all have the data we need to gain a comprehensive understanding of energy today so that we can better plan for tomorrow. Dr. Fatih Birol Executive Director, International Energy Agency KWES is a summary of the comprehensive data made available by the IEA via its website: www.iea.org/statistics/. 3 Table of contents 4 Supply 6 26 34 44 46 50 54 Transformation Final consumption Energy efficiency Energy balances Prices Emissions Research, development and demonstration (RD&D) 56 58 60 70 73 Outlook Energy indicators Conversion factors Glossary 5 Supply Key World Energy Statistics World total energy supply (TES) by source World¹ total energy supply by source, 1971-2019 (EJ) 800 600 400 200 0 1971 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2019 Coal² Oil Natural gas Other³ Nuclear Hydro Biofuels and waste Share of world total energy supply by source, 1973 and 2019 1973 2019 Biofuels Other³ 0.1% Biofuels and waste 9.4% Hydro Other³ 2.2% and waste Hydro 10.2% 1.8% 2.5% Nuclear 0.9% Natural Coal² 24.7% Nuclear 5.0% Coal² 26.8% gas 16.1% Natural gas 23.2% Oil 46.2% Oil 30.9% 254 EJ 606 EJ 1. World includes international aviation and international marine bunkers. 2. In these graphs, peat and oil shale are aggregated with coal. 3. Includes geothermal, solar, wind, tide/wave/ocean, heat an