引导电力市场走向快速脱碳（英）-119页

Steering Electricity Markets Towards a Rapid Decarbonisation INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues IEA member countries: IEA association countries: including oil, gas and coal supply and Australia Austria Argentina Brazil demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its Belgium China Canada Egypt India Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand Ukraine Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan 31 member countries, 11 association countries and beyond. Korea Lithuania Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Please note that this Portugal publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at Slovak Republic Spain Sweden Switzerland Republic of Türkiye United Kingdom United States www.iea.org/t&c/ This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA Source: IEA. All rights reserved. International Energy Agency Website: www.iea.org Steering Electricity Markets Towards a Rapid Decarbonisation Abstract Abstract Achieving net zero emissions by 2050 will require a significant reduction in electricity sector emissions, with around half of these coming from systems that currently have liberalised electricity markets. In order to support a rapid decarbonisation of power systems, the design of these markets will need to evolve to ensure that they maximise the value delivered by existing and new low-carbon technologies. When policymakers design electricity markets, they need to consider the interactions between all parts of the market including wholesale, retail and capacity markets. At the same time, it is essential to ensure synergies with low-carbon investment frameworks and other decarbonisation policies. This report identifies key principles for designing different parts of the market- based on evidence from electricity markets globally and provides actionable guidelines to help policy makers match decarbonisation pledges with actions. With short-term wholesale markets as the starting point for generating efficient price signals, the report systematically considers the different parts of electricity markets, perspectives for integrating technologies such as distributed resources and storage, and how the design process fits with other decarbonisation policies and system planning. The principles derived from this analysis provide policy makers with market design tools in the context of new technologies and low-carbon transitions. PAGE | 3 Steering Electricity Markets Towards a Rapid Decarbonisation Acknowledgements Acknowledgements The report was conducted under the guidance of César Alejandro Hernández Alva, Head of the Renewables Integration and Secure Electricity (RISE) Unit. Keisuke Sadamori, Director of Energy Markets and Security (EMS) at the IEA provided expert comments and senior guidance. The report was led and co-ordinated by Pablo Hevia-Koch. The main authors are Pablo Hevia-Koch, Keith Everhart, Enrique Gutiérrez, Julia Guyon, Luis Lopez and Jacques Warichet. Zoe Hungerford was a valuable contributor to this report. Paolo Frankl, Peter Fraser, Sylvia Beyer, Pauline Henriot, Stefan Lorenczik and Vida Rozite provided valuable input and advice. The authors would also like to thank Marilyn Smith for skilfully editing the manuscript and the IEA Communication and Digital Office, We would also like to thank the external reviewers, including: Doug Arent National Renewable Energy Laboratory, United States of America Manuel Baritaud Norman Bay European Investment Bank Willkie Farr & Gallagher General Electric Markus Becker Rina Bohle Zeller Romain Capaldi Vestas Guidehouse Rebecca Collyer Enrique De Las Morenas Moneo Laurens De Vries European Climate Foundation Enel Delft University of Technology PAGE | 4 Steering Electricity Markets Towards a Rapid Decarbonisation Acknowledgements Filippo Gaddo Craig Glazer Arup PJM Interconnection UCL Michael Grubb Renato Haddad Empresa de Pesquisa Energética, Brazil Edwin Haesen ENTSO-E Sommer Henrike Michael Hogan Aurora Energy Resear