2020-2022年全球社会保障报告（英）-318页

ILO Flagship Report World Social Protection Report 2020–22 Social protection at the crossroads – in pursuit of a better future Copyright ©  International Labour Organization 2021 First published 2021 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condi- tion that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Licensing), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: rights@ilo.org. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with a reproduction rights organization may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduc- tion rights organization in your country. World Social Protection Report 2020–22: Social protection at the crossroads ‒ in pursuit of a better future International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2021. 1 online resource (377 p.) ISBN 978-92-2-031949-9 (print) ISBN 978-92-2-031950-5 (web PDF) social protection / social security policy / COVID-19 / sustainable development / economic recession / future of work / migrant worker / ILO Convention / ILO Recommendation / ILO pub 02.03.1 Cite this publication as: International Labour Office. World Social Protection Report 2020–22: Social Protection at the Crossroads – in Pursuit of a Better Future. Geneva: ILO, 2021. ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Information on ILO publications and digital products can be found at: www.ilo.org/publns. Photo credits Cover: Dakota Corbin/unsplash; p. 4: © some_tale/unsplash; p. 16: E. Gianotti/ILO; p. 28: © freemixer/istock; p. 42: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 66: © Jérémy Stenuit/unsplash; p. 82: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 84: © MD SHAHADAT RAFI/unsplash; p. 102: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 106: © Joice Kelly/unsplash; p. 108: © Kelly Sikkema/unsplash; p. 120: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 128: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 130: © Ahsanization/unsplash; p. 140: © Danny Nee/unsplash; p. 150: © M. Crozet/ILO; p. 152: © Mongkolchon Akesin/iStock; p. 164: © OC Gonzalez/unsplash; p. 186: © JC Gellidon/unsplash; p. 188: © Francisco Venâncio/unsplash; p. 206: © Bennett Tobias/unsplash; p. 208: © Paul Green/unsplash; p. 210: © Claudette Bleijenberg/unsplash; p. 224: © FluxFactory/iStock; p. 288: © monkeybusinessimages/iStock; p. 290: © Lucas Miguel/unsplash Produced by the Publications Production Unit (PRODOC) of the ILO. The ILO endeavours to use paper sourced from forests managed in an environmentally sustainable and socially responsible manner. Code: DIN-WEI-CORR-PMSERV 3 Since the last edition of the World Social Protection Report, in 2017, the world has been rocked by a crisis unlike anything in living memory. While we will not know the full implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for some time, one thing is already clear – the value of social protection has been unequivocally confirmed. The pandemic response generated the largest mobilization of social protection measures ever seen, to protect not just people’s health but the jobs and incomes on which human well-being equally depends. As we seek now to create a human-centred recovery, it is imperative that countries deploy their social protection systems as a core element of their rebuilding strategies. There are glimmers of optimism amid the devastation wrought by the pandemic, and this renewed appreciation of the importance of social protection is one. The crisis not only underscored its indispensability, but radically reconfigured policymakers’ mindsets. They can no longer ignore the precarious situation of the many front-line workers whose essential role became clear during the crisis, or of the informal workers who have frequently been excluded from social protection schemes. Another hard reminder provided by the crisis has been that we are only as safe as the most