2022翻译三级笔译实务模拟题4套题

1、英语翻译三级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（1） (1/1)Section English Chinese Translation Translate the following two passages into Chinese . 第1题 This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report. Claims of a water apartheid, where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering c

2、lean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilitiesto the rich and the poor alikeis usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank. The problem exists not only in rural areas bu

3、t even in big cities, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added. The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in

4、developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well. By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean

5、 water, according to the agencys report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agencys proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water. People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseasesa common malady in the developing worldand much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might fi

6、nd receptive ears in private credit marketsas long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years. In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help th

7、eir communities, he said. Thats especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though, Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country._ 参考答案：联合国开发方案署本月新发布的人类进展报告主题是水与卫生。 现在有人将穷人猎取水资源成本高于富人的现象称为“水隔离”，类似的说法必将引发关注。但是，这一问题涉及的经

8、济因素有哪些?又该如何加以解决呢?在有些国家，人们无法充分获得清洁用水，基础设施不完善是首要缘由。有些地区没有公共基础设施，人们不得不从流淌水车购水，或者长途跋涉到有水井的地方取水，由此推高他们猎取水资源的成本。更为荒谬的是，在猎取水资源的成本上升的同时，水质却在下降。自来水通常比流淌水车或水井的水更加清洁，对于穷人和富人都是如此。 联合国开发方案署泰国项目专员哈坎比约克曼说，这一问题不仅仅涉及农村地区，甚至连大城市也不例外。他还补充说，对地方水利部门供应的补贴受益者往往并不是穷人。 联合国开发方案署提出了“三步走”的解决方案。第一步，将每天保证20升(折合5加仑)清洁用水列为一项人权。其次步，由地方政府负责落实上述目标。第三步，修建供水基础设施。人类进展报告指出，各国特殊是进展中国家应当至少拿出GDP的1%用于解决供水和卫生设施问题。该报告还建议国外救济资金也应向这方面倾斜，但比约克曼也明确指出，这明显需要政府部门的引导才行。当然，还有其他一些市场化解决方案。 该报告还指出，科特迪瓦首都阿比让的一家私营水厂通过向穷人降价供水，逐步缓解了当地清洁用水问题。开发方案署建议各国政府对供水系

9、统供应补贴，但是，假如能保证供水企业获得相当经济利益的话，就没必要再供应补贴了。 在进展中国家，水传染疾病非常常见，但是假如能获得清洁饮用水，人们死于水传染疾病的几率就会大大降低，人们的寿命延长了，生产力提高了，缴税增多了，国家最终也能从中获益。因此，只要国家能保证供水产业的经济效益，就能吸引社会力气供水基础设施建设。反过来说，私营供水企业假如确信在一个地区的能在多年后收回成本、具有价值的话，他们自然也愿意为之。 同时，人们也在不断探究本土化解决方案。比约克曼说，在泰国，一些小型社区自发解决供水等社区面临的难题。他说：“人们自发组织起来，利用有限的资源关心社区解决问题，在农村地区尤为如此。人们把钱投入周转基金和存款方案，并共同出力建设自己的村庄。不过，在其他国家实施、推广这些解决方案并不总是一帆风顺。一个国家或地区要想找到可行的供水解决方案，第一步就是先要整合各种应对之策。” 具体解答： 下一题(1/1)Section Chinese-English Translation Translate the following passage into English . 第2题 即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界7%的耕地养活全球1/5的人口仍是一项艰难的任务。 中国政府面临很多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业进展以及大路建设工程占用，另有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。中国北方地区地下水位下降，农夫不得不改种耐旱、低产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严峻，2/3的浇灌设施需要整修。 由于农夫为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增加130万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。 中国政府把农业视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进农田浇灌基础设施。近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府实行此项措施以提高农夫种粮的乐观性。_ 参考答案：Eve

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