TED演讲-GDP忽略的无偿工作——以及为什么它真正重要MarilynWaring(中英文参考学习)14

1、【演讲者及介绍】Marilyn Waring玛丽莲韦林提倡建立一个公共政策数据库，承认所有的无偿工作以及生态系统的保护而不是依赖GDP。【演讲主题】GDP忽略的无偿工作以及为什么它真正重要The unpaid work that GDP ignores - and why it really counts 【中英文字幕】翻译者 Wanting Zhong 校对者psjmz mz00:19(In Maori: My mountain is Taupiri.) (Waikato is my river.) (My name is Marilyn.) (Hello.) （毛利语：陶皮里是我的山。） （怀卡托是我的河。） （我的名字是玛丽琳。） （你好。） 00:28As youve heard, when I was very young, I was elected to the New Zealand Parliament. And at that age, you learn mostly by listening to others stories. I remember a wom

2、an whod been injured in a farm accident, and it was coming up to shearing time on the farm, and she had to be replaced by a shepherd, by a rousie in the woolshed, and of course there was still someone needed to manage the household and to prepare the food for the shearing gangs. And her mother came to help with that. But the family got no compensation for the mother, because thats what mothers and family members are supposed to do. 正如各位听说过的， 我在很年轻的时候 就被选举进入新西兰议会。 在那个年纪，你大多数时候 都通过聆听他人的故事学习。 我记得一位

3、在农场事故中 受伤的女性， 那时候快到了农场 剪羊毛的时节， 于是她不得不由一位牧羊人， 由一位剪毛棚里的杂工取代， 【注：新西兰俗语】 当然了，还需要有人 管理家庭起居， 并为剪羊毛的伙计们准备食物。 她的母亲过来帮忙了。 但是这家人并没有给 这位母亲报酬， 因为这是母亲和家庭成员 理所应当做的。 01:24One year, a company called Gold Mines New Zealand applied for a prospecting license on our beautiful Mt. Pirongia. It is a mountain full of extraordinary ecosystems, of verdant, virgin native forests. It produced oxygen, it was a carbon sink, it was a home for endangered species and for pollinating species in the farmland around. And the mini

4、ng company put up this great economic prospectus that was about how much money could be made from mining our mountain, about all the growth and development that would show in New Zealands budgetary forecasts, and we were just left with the language of all that we valued about our mountain. Fortunately, we stopped. 有一年，一个叫做 “新西兰金矿”的公司 申请了在我们美丽的皮隆亚山上 进行勘探的许可证。 这座山拥有 非凡的生态系统， 葱郁的原始森林。 它制造氧气，它是天然碳汇， 【注：吸收二氧化碳的自然环境】 它是濒危物种以及 周围农田的传粉物种 的家园。 而采矿公司公布的 这份出色的经济计划书， 讲的全是开采我们的山 能够赚到多少钱， 能够为新西兰的财政预算 带来多少增长与发

5、展， 而只留给了我们 关于我们所珍视的山的语言。 所幸的是，他们及时停手了。 02:37And then I remembered a woman who had three children under five who was caring for her elderly parents, and nobody seemed to think that at some stage she might actually need some assistance with childcare, because she wasnt in the paid workforce. 然后我又记起了 一位既要抚养三个 不到五岁的孩子， 又要照顾年迈双亲的女性， 似乎没人考虑过， 在某个阶段 她可能需要育儿方面的帮助， 因为她不属于有偿的劳动力。 03:00And there began to be a pattern in all of these stories I was being told. And I started to ask enough questions to try and

6、 track to the core of this pattern of values that was part of all of these stories. And I found it in an economic formula called the gross domestic product, or the GDP. Most of you will have heard of it. Many of you wont have any idea what it actually means. 在我听说的这些故事中 渐渐浮现出某种规律。 于是我开始问各种问题， 试图追溯到在这些故事中 均有所体现的 这种价值规律的核心。 我在一个 被称为“国内生产总值”， 或者 GDP 的经济学公式中 找到了它。 你们大部分人应该听说过这个词。 你们很多人可能完全不明白 这个词到底是什么意思。 03:39The rules were drawn up by Western-educated men in 1953. They established a boundary of prod

7、uction in drawing up these rules. What they were keen to measure was everything that involved a market transaction. So on one side of the boundary, everything where there was a market exchange was counted. It doesnt matter whether the exchange is legal or illegal. Market exchange in the illegal trade in armaments, munitions, drugs, endangered species, trafficking of people - all of this is great for growth and it all counts. 规则是在 1953 年 由接受了西方教育的男人们制订的。 他们在制订这些规则时， 建立起了生产范畴的界线。 他们热衷衡量的是 涉及到市场交换的

8、一切。 于是在界线的一侧， 所有包含了市场交换 的行为都计算在内， 不管该交换是否合法。 非法贸易中的市场交换， 包括走私军火弹药、 毒品、濒危物种、 贩卖人口 这些对于经济增长都很好， 都可以计算在内。 04:27On the other side of the boundary of production, there was this extraordinary phrase in the rules that the work done by the people they called nonprimary producers was of little or no value. So I thought, lets see how many nonprimary producers we have here today. So in the last week or so, how many of you have transported members of your household or their goods without payment? How many o

9、f you have done a bit of cleaning, a bit of vacuuming, a bit of sweeping, a bit of tidying up the kitchen? Yeah? How about going shopping for members of the household? Preparing food? Cleaning up afterwards? Laundry? Ironing? 在生产范畴的另一侧， 在规则中有这么一句 神奇的话， 说是被他们称作“非主要生产者” 的人完成的工作 是“价值很小或毫无价值的”。 于是我就想，让我们看看 今天在座有多少非主要生产者吧。 在上个星期之内， 你们有多少人曾经 无偿运送过你的家庭成员 或他们的物品？ 你们有多少人搞过一点卫生， 吸过一点尘， 扫过一点地， 清理了一下厨房？ 嗯？ 那么为家庭成员购物呢？ 准备食物？餐后收拾？ 洗衣物？熨衣服？ 05:23(Laughter) （笑声） 05:27Well, as far as economics is concerned, you were at leisure. 而就经济学而言， 你们都是逍遥自在的无产出者。 05:34(Laughter) (Applause and cheers) （笑声） （掌声与喝彩） 05:44Now, how about the women who have been pregnant and who have had children? Yes. Now, I really hate to tell you this, because it might well have been hard labor, but at that moment, you were unproductive. 那么，有哪些女士 曾经怀孕、生过孩子？ 好的。 我实在不愿意这么告诉你们， 因为你的生产过程可能很艰难， 但在那一刻，你毫无生产性。 06:00(Laughter) （笑声）

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