2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题（含解析）

1、绝密启用前2011 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 1 页，共 70 页英语（二）试题.1.（共 14 页）Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numb

2、ered blank andmark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedomof speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crimethat has1across the Web.Can privacy be preserved2bringing safety and security to a world thatseems increasingly3?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federalgovernment a4to make the Web a safer place a “voluntary trustedidentity” system that would be the h

3、igh-tech5of a physical key, afingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled6one. The system might use asmart identity card, or a digital credential7to a specific computer, andwould authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to8a federation of private online identity systems. Userscould9which system to join, and only registered users whose identitieshave been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrastswith one that would require an Internet drivers license10b

4、y the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “singlesign-on” systems that make it possible for users to11just once but usemany different services.12, the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, withsafe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a13community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individualsand organizations can complete online transactions with14 , trusting theidentities of each ot

5、her and the identities of the infrastructure15which thetransaction runs.”Still, the administrations plan has16privacy rights activists. Someapplaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme isan initiative push toward what would17be a compulsory Internet “driverslicense” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with18by some computer securityexperts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidtwould still leave much of the Internet19 . They argue

6、 that all Internet usersshould be20to register and identify themselves, in the same way thatdrivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 2 页，共 70 页英语（二）试题.2.（共 14 页）1A sweptB skippedC walkedD ridden2A forB withinC whileD though3A carelessB lawlessC pointlessD helpless4A reasonB reminderC compromiseD proposal5A informationB interferenceC entertainmentD equivalent6A byB intoC fromD over7A linkedB directedC chainedD compared8A dismissB discoverC createD improve9A recallB

7、 suggestC selectD realize10A releasedB issuedC distributedD delivered11A carry onB linger onC set inD log in12A In vainB In effectC In returnD In contrast13A trustedB modernizedC thrivingD competing14A cautionB delightC confidenceD patience15A onB afterC beyondD across16A dividedB disappointedC protectedD united17A frequentlyB incidentallyC occasionallyD eventually18A skepticismB toleranceC indifferenceD enthusiasm19A manageableB defendableC vulnerableD invisible20A invitedB appointedC allowedD

8、forcedSection IIReading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语（二）真题第 3 页，共 70 页英语（二）试题.3.（共 14 页）Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director inJanuary 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the restof the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism.But by the end of 20

9、09 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmanscompensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payoutspass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. Theposition was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, adviserson a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, theypresumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executivesproposals

10、. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should beable to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered morethan 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statementto the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so theresearchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by direc

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