人教部编版八年级(初二)语文上册第20课《-蝉》ppt课件.ppt

人教部编版八年级(初二)语文上册第20课《-蝉》ppt课件,人教部编版八年级(初二)语文上册第20课《-蝉》ppt课件,20,*,,蝉,20* 蝉,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,,蝉,是昆虫纲同翅目半翅亚目,的其中一科。

蝉具有透明且有脉,纹的翅膀和分得很开的小眼睛雄的腹部有发音器，能连续不断发出尖锐的声音雌的不发声，但在腹部有听器幼虫生活在土里，吸食植物的根，成虫吃植物的汁又称“知了”状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,学习目标,了解与作者有关的文学常识；了解蝉的特点，把握蝉的习性重点）,学习本文拟人的写法，体会文章科学性与文学性兼顾的特点难点）,体会作者对昆虫的感情，感悟文中蕴含的科学精神，激发读者探索科学的兴趣学习目标了解与作者有关的文学常识；了解蝉的特点，把握蝉的习性,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,作者名片,法布尔（,1823—1915,），法国昆虫学家、作家，被世人称为,“,昆虫界的荷马”。

法布尔在自然环境中研究昆虫，穷毕生之力深入昆虫世界，对昆虫进行观察与实验，真实地记录下昆虫的本能与习性，著成,《,昆虫记,》,（又名,《,昆虫的故事,》,）一书状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,背景链接,本文选自,《,昆虫的故事,》,（商务印书馆,1956,年版），王大文译《,蝉,》,是一篇事物说明文（科学小品文），实质是科学观察笔记、考察报告，属于科学著作的范畴《,蝉,》,共由“蝉和蚁”“蝉的地穴”“蝉的音乐”“蝉的卵”四部分组成作者详尽地介绍了蝉的生活习性，以及蝉从卵到幼虫、从幼虫到成虫的生长过程课文节选自第二、四部分背景链接 本文选自《昆虫的故事》（商务印书馆1956年,文体知识,,科学小品,：又名知识小品，是一种用小品文的笔调介绍某一方面科学知识的说明文体它既有科学性，又有文学性科学小品的特点是：内容真实，结构严谨巧妙，语言生动准确文体知识 科学小品：又名知识小品，是一种用小品文的笔调,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,字词测评,生难字,罅,隙（ ） 喧,嚣,（ ）,蚋,（ ）,臃,肿（ ）,鳍,（ ） 涂,墁,（ ）,纤,维（ ）,窠,（ ）,,无动于,衷,（ ） 寻,觅,（ ）,黏,土（ ）,钹,（ ）,xià,xiāo,zhōn,ɡ,yōn,ɡ,mì,qí,màn,xiān,kē,ruì,nián,bó,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,词语解释,声音杂乱，不清静。

在强烈的阳光下久晒心里一点也不受感动；一点也不动心在一个地方来回地走无动于衷,喧嚣,徘徊,罅隙,暴晒,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,整体感知,快速读课文，整体把握文章内容。

本文两个部分主要介绍了,____________,，以及幼蝉,____________,，描述了蝉,______,状况以及蝉孵化成幼虫时的生物习性，揭示了蝉在生命之初所可能遭遇的种种危险，抒发对蝉经过艰苦劳动才换来短暂欢乐的由衷赞叹和同情蝉的地下穴道,蜕皮的过程,产卵,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,蝉的地穴,蝉的地穴,再读课文，划分层次蝉的地穴,第一层（,1,）：,表明自己“有研究蝉的习性的很好环境”，并介绍观察蝉的季节和自己生活环境中的蝉的情况第二层（,2—7,）：,写对蝉的地穴的考察，详细地介绍了蝉建造地穴的过程第三层（,8—11,）：,写对蝉的幼虫蜕皮情形的考察再读课文，划分层次蝉的地穴,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,重点讲解,蝉的地穴考察（,2—7,）,蝉的地穴是什么样子的？按什么顺序来描写的？,（,1,）孔口与地面相平，小圆孔约一英寸口径，周围一点儿土都没有。

位置：阳光暴晒的道路上2,）隧道大都是深十五六英寸，下面较宽大，底部却完全关闭起来3,）由外到内的观察顺序状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,这几句话运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？,其实，它干起活来简直像矿工或铁路工程师矿工用支柱支撑隧道，铁路工程师利用砖墙使地道坚固蝉同他们一样聪明，在隧道的墙上涂上灰泥它身子里藏有一种极黏的液体，可以用来做灰泥这几句话运用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？ 其实，它干起,运用,打比方,、,作比较,的说明方法，将蝉比作“矿工”“铁路工程师”，并将蝉与其进行比较，生动形象地说明了蝉做隧道时墙壁不会塌的原因，易于理解；同时也体现了蝉的聪明，表达了作者对它的喜爱与赞美运用打比方、作比较的说明方法，将蝉比作“矿工”“铁路,第⑥段运用了什么修辞手法？有何作用？,,拟人,作者运用“估量”“小心谨慎”“溜”“击碎”等人格化的词语，写出了蝉遇到坏天气时的心理及其行动的敏捷，说明了蝉的聪明，表达了作者对蝉的喜爱之情第⑥段运用了什么修辞手法？有何作用？ 拟人作者运用“,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蝉的幼虫蜕皮（,8—11,）,阅读该部分，说一说：这几段是按照什么顺序来写蝉出洞后蜕皮的过程的？,这几段对幼虫蜕皮情形的考察，是按照,事物的发展顺序,来说明的。

先写蝉的幼虫初次出现在地面上活动的情形，再写对幼虫蜕皮情形的观察，最后介绍刚脱壳的蝉的情形状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,接着，它表演一种奇怪的体操在空中腾跃，翻转，使头部倒悬,……,这个动作使尾端从壳中脱出，总的过程大概要半小时这里,作者运用了什么手法？,,拟人用“腾跃”“翻转”“倒悬”“伸直”“张开”“翻”“钩住”等一连串动词，把蝉从壳中脱出来的艰难过程具体、生动、准确地写了出来，让读者易于理解接着，它表演一种奇怪的体操在空中腾跃，翻转，使头部,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蜕皮的顺序：,→背,→头,→吸管和前腿,→后腿与翅膀,→尾部,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,蝉体的颜色变化,蝉体的颜色变化,从作者观察到的蝉蜕皮的时间，你能获得哪些启示？,文中说，蝉从壳中全部脱出，“总的过程大概要半小时”；“刚得到自由的蝉”从柔弱到强壮起来飞离树枝，大概要三个半小时。

由此可见，作者观察的耐心程度也是惊人的这种专注态度、科学精神，值得赞扬，值得人们学习从作者观察到的蝉蜕皮的时间，你能获得哪些启示？,蝉的卵,蝉的卵,蝉的卵,,第一层（,12,、,13,）：,介绍蝉产卵的地方、方式,,和数量等第二层（,14—17,）：,写蝉卵遇到的危险第三层（,18—24,）：,介绍蝉卵的孵化和幼虫的,,活动第四层（,25,、,26,）：,概写蝉的生命历程蝉的卵,蝉的产卵（,12,、,13,）,自由读这两个自然段，找一找蝉产卵的地点、方式和产卵数量地点：,干的细枝上,方式：,用胸部的尖利工具在细树枝上刺成一排小孔，常常刺出三四十个孔数量：,一个小孔内约生十个卵，总数约为三四百个蝉的产卵（12、13） 自由读这两个自然段，找一找蝉产,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蝉卵的危险（,14—17,）,蝉的敌人是什么？蝉是用什么办法来拯救自己的家族的？,,敌人：,蚋,。

文章说蝉有个“本能”是指它只会产卵却不懂得保护这些卵蝉拯救自己家族的方式就是要产大量的卵，这样在遭到破坏时才可能有幸存者，它产这么多卵，是为了防御这种特别的危险状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,蚋，一种小昆虫，体长,1,～,5,毫米，头小，色黑，胸背隆起，吸人畜的血液，能传播疾病幼虫栖于水中蚋，一种小昆虫，体长1～5毫米，头小，色黑，胸背隆起,蝉卵的孵化和幼虫的生长（,18—24,）,仔细读该部分，说一说蝉从产卵到成虫的生长活动情况及其所经历的时间，画一画示意图蝉卵的孵化和幼虫的生长（18—24） 仔细读该部分，说,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,成虫产卵,,,蝉卵孵化,幼虫挂树枝,,幼虫落地上,,,,寻觅藏身处,幼虫钻地下,幼虫爬出地面,爬上树枝等处,寻找蜕皮地点,,,,蜕皮,成虫离枝飞去,,,成虫交配、产卵后死亡,立刻,几分钟后,四年后,约,3,个多小时,五个星期,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蝉的生长过程示意图,入土隐藏,幼虫出穴,脱皮成长,成虫产卵,孵化幼虫,,,,,,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,“四年黑暗中的苦工，一个月阳光下的享乐，这就是蝉的生活”一句在结构和内容上分别有什么作用？,在结构上，这句话结束了蝉从卵到幼虫的成长过程的说明，收束全文。

在内容上，这句话在概括蝉的一生的同时，表达了作者对蝉漫长而苦难的生长历程的感叹、同情和怜爱四年黑暗中的苦工，一个月阳光下的享乐，这就是蝉的生,作者认为什么样的钹声也不能“响亮到足以歌颂它那来之不易的刹那欢愉”，结合全文，说说作者这样说的理由因为蝉从产卵到成虫的过程很艰难：选择枯枝产卵，防御危险；艰难地走出壳外、蜕皮；落到地上，面对重重危险；寻觅藏身的地方，避免死亡；钻进地里，四年的黑暗苦工，最后才能换来短短一个月的阳光生活作者以饱含感情的笔触，表达了作者对生命的理解、尊重和对世间万物的关爱作者认为什么样的钹声也不能“响亮到足以歌颂它那来之不,作者不按蝉的生长过程先写蝉的卵，而是首先写蝉的地穴，从蝉的幼虫写起，这样写有什么好处？,幼虫建筑地穴，比成虫产卵要生动、丰富、有趣得多，以此开头，容易引起读者的阅读兴趣，进而跟随作者去进一步探究蝉的世界的奥妙；,使行文新颖活泼，不落俗套；,突出蝉“四年黑暗的苦工，一个月阳光下的享乐”这一重要特点（蝉一生中绝大部分时间的活动）深入探究,作者不按蝉的生长过程先写蝉的卵，而是首先写蝉的地穴，,本文对“蝉”的说明不像一般昆虫学著作那样进行系统的纯科学性的说明，你认为其文学色彩主要表现在哪些地方？,本文对“蝉”的说明不像一般昆虫学著作那样进行系统的纯,,文章运用拟人的修辞手法，把蝉人格化，赋予它人的情感和行为。

如写蝉产卵，写出了一位“可怜的母亲”生儿育女所付出的艰辛，也写出了蚋残害蝉卵的可恨又如文章最后一段里的“苦工”“享乐”“歌声”“穿起”等人格化的词语，写蝉由卵发育成虫，表现出了蝉所经历的四年漫长历程的艰苦这就使文章具有了较强的感染力，能使读者为这个小生物的成长慨叹，感叹蝉的幸福是如此的来之不易又如此的转瞬即逝文章运用拟人的修辞手法，把蝉人格化，赋予它人的情感和,,本文善用文艺性的语言表达如运用比喻的修辞手法把一般不为人知的科学现象表现得具体形象，以“表演一种奇怪的体操”来比喻蝉的脱壳过程又如以准确而形象的语言描写所观察到的情形，写蝉“在空中腾跃，翻转，使头部倒悬，折皱的翼向外伸直，竭力张开然后用一种几乎看不清的动作，尽力翻上来，并用前爪钩住它的空皮”，其中的动词准确而又生动地描写了蝉脱壳的整个过程本文善用文艺性的语言表达如运用比喻的修辞手法把一般,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,,蝉,蝉的地穴,,地穴出口,洞口,出穴成长,结构梳理,蝉的卵,,奋斗四年,歌唱五周,,,建隧道,伺机出穴,出穴,,脱皮,飞离树枝,成虫产卵,产卵,幼虫入地,,天地破坏,孵化,,落地,挖穴隐藏,幼虫,成长,卵,幼虫,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,写作借鉴,1.,修辞手法的运用,,《,昆虫记,》,被认为是“科学与诗的完美结合”，而文中描写蝉所使用的词语几乎全部是描写人的词语。

如“统治者”“储藏室”“工作方法”“聪明”“小心谨慎地溜”等，这种把蝉直接当人来写、来观察的人格,写作借鉴1.修辞手法的运用 《昆虫记》被认为是“科学与,化的手法，使蝉具有人的爱憎感情和思想行为，读来十分亲切此外，比喻、设问等修辞手法的灵活运用，也为文章增色不少让读者较容易从字里行间，体会到作者对昆虫的热爱化的手法，使蝉具有人的爱憎感情和思想行为，读来十分亲切此外,2.,精妙动词的选择为了更科学、准确地展示蝉高超的掘土技艺，作者准确地选用了一系列富有生命力的动词如“它就小心谨慎地溜到温暖严紧的隧道底下如果气候看来很温暖，它就用爪击碎天花板，爬到地面上来”，其中的“溜”“击碎”等词生动传神地活现了蝉聪明、灵活的特点，也把作者对它的欣赏、喜爱表现得淋漓尽致2.精妙动词的选择 为了更科学、准确地展示蝉高超的掘,拓展延伸,明月别枝惊鹊，清风半夜鸣蝉宋,·,辛弃疾,《,西江月,·,夜行黄沙道中,》,寒蝉凄切，对长亭晚，骤雨初歇宋,·,柳永,《,雨霖铃,·,寒蝉凄切,》,蝉噪林逾静，鸟鸣山更幽南北朝,·,王籍,《,入若耶溪,》,与“蝉”有关的诗句,拓展延伸明月别枝惊鹊，清风半夜鸣蝉与“蝉”有关的诗句,课后作业,你喜欢什么动物或植物？像法布尔那样去观察一种动物或者植物并记录下你的观察过程和发现。

课后作业 你喜欢什么动物或植物？像法布尔那样去观察一种,。