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(新高考)高考英语二轮复习讲义第2部分 语法专题语法专题专题一 第2讲 非谓语动词 (含答案).doc

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    • 第2讲 非谓语动词非谓语动词概述1.什么是非谓语动词?非谓语动词是动词的特殊形式,在句子中可以充当谓语以外的成分 2.非谓语动词在句子中的作用一个句子中已存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下,再出现一个动词则用非谓语动词eg.She got off the bus,but she left her handbag on the seat.(有并列连词,所以用谓语动词)She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on the seat.(没有连词,所以用非谓语动词)3.非谓语动词的种类:动词的-ing形式、动词的过去分词和动词的不定式考点一 动词的-ing形式Reading① is one of Xiao Meng’s hobbies.Since she was a child,she has been dreaming of becoming② a writer.Last month,she read a book describing③ love between a prince and a sleeping④ beauty—a girl whose gift was solving⑤ difficult problems in her dreams.The girl often found herself solving⑥ problems while sleeping⑦ soundly,making⑧ her partners shocked.The book is very interesting⑤.Xiao Meng really enjoys reading② the novel and imagines solving② difficult problems in her own dreams.注释:动词的-ing形式在句子中作什么成分①作主语 ②作宾语③作后置定语④作前置定语⑤作表语⑥作宾补⑦⑧作状语一、动词-ing的形式语态形式时态形式   主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done二、核心考点1.动词-ing形式作主语(doing/being done作主语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)(1)动名词短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首。

      谓语动词常常用单数,但表示多于一个的概念时,谓语动词则用复数Playing cellphone games is his favourite.玩游戏是他的最爱Dancing and skating are my hobbies,and I also like to read short stories.跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好,同时我也喜欢读短篇小说Being laughed at in public made me embarrassed.当众被人嘲笑让我感到尴尬2)有时用it作形式主语,常用于It is/was a waste (of...)/no use/no good/no pleasure doing sth.结构中It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn person.想要说服这样一个固执的人是没有什么用处的It is no pleasure being blamed in the face of other students.当着其他同学的面被责备是没有乐趣可言的2.动词-ing形式作宾语(doing/being done作宾语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)(1)动词-ing 形式可以作介词的宾语。

      I help Mum out by doing the housework that I can do.我通过做力所能及的家务活帮助妈妈The boy cried loudly for not being allowed to enter the amusement park.这个男孩因不被允许进入游乐场而大声哭泣注意:以下短语中to 都是介词be used to doing习惯于 object to 反对devote oneself to 致力于 stick to坚持pay attention to注意 look forward to期盼adapt to适应 adjust to (使)适应于owe...to归因于 be addicted to对……上瘾reduce sb./sth.to(使)沦为(2)动词-ing形式可以作某些及物动词的宾语只跟动名词(doing)作宾语的动词有:mind(介意),miss(错过),mention(提到),enjoy(喜欢),escape(逃避),practise(练习),postpone(推迟),suggest(建议),stand/bear/tolerate(忍受),consider(考虑),keep(保持),avoid(避免),admit(承认),advise(建议),allow/permit(允许),appreciate(感激),risk(冒险),resist(抵制),recommend(建议),finish(完成),forbid(禁止),imagine(想象),dislike(不喜欢),delay(延迟),quit(放弃),deny(否认)The thief kept running to avoid/escape being caught by the police.小偷不停地跑以避免/逃避被警察抓住。

      Little Tom is considering quitting practising playing the violin,because his neighbor can’t tolerate listening to the noise every day.The other day,she promised to give Tom ten dollars a week if he gave up doing it.Tom imagined having lots of money and can’t resist taking her advice.小汤姆正考虑放弃练习拉小提琴,因为他的邻居难以忍受每天听到这噪音前几天,她答应如果他放弃练琴的话,她每周给汤姆10美元汤姆想象着有很多钱,忍不住接受了她的建议3.动词-ing形式作表语(1)doing作表语表示笼统的、抽象的概念此时doing 名词意义较强,doing/being done作表语不表示正在进行,只表示主/被动)My hobby is reading books.我的兴趣爱好是读书What made me happy was being admitted to Peking University.让我高兴的是(我)被北京大学录取了。

      2)如果是和情绪相关的动词-ing形式则形容词意义较强,表示“令人……的”,往往物作主语如:amazing,boring,confusing,disappointing,exciting,frightening等等The news is surprising.这则消息令人吃惊点对点练习1单句语法填空1.He enjoys listening(listen) to violin music,playing(play) mah-jong,swimming(swim) and reading(read).2.Mary’s being late(late) for class made her teacher angry.3.It is no use arguing(argue) with him about such a matter.4.动词-ing形式作定语(当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为主动关系且动作正在进行时,用doing;当被修饰的名词与现在分词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时,用being done)(1)单个的动词-ing 形式作定语,放在被修饰词之前falling leaves正在落下的树叶 a sleeping child睡着的孩子注意:动名词也可置于名词前作定语,表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。

      a swimming pool游泳池 a reading room阅览室(2)动词-ing形式短语作定语,要放在被修饰词之后the girl wearing a red dress穿红裙子的女孩the bridge being built now现在在建的大桥5.动词-ing形式作状语(1)doing与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生 Walking in the street,I came across an old friend.走在大街上,我碰到一个老朋友2)having done与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且先于谓语动作发生Having waited in line for two hours,the old man became impatient.已经排了两小时的队,这位老人变得不耐烦了3)having been done与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动作发生Having been told many times,the boy still made the same mistake again and again.已经被告知很多次,这个男孩还是一次又一次犯相同的错。

      6.动词-ing形式作宾补 现在分词作宾语补足语时,宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系,结构为vt.+sb./sth.+doing...可以用于此结构的动词(短语)有:“一感一抓一发现,二听四让和五看”(feel,catch,find,listen to/hear,have/keep/get/leave,see/watch/look at/observe/notice)When I left school,I saw them playing basketball on the playground.当我离开学校时,我看到他们在操场上打篮球I am sorry for keeping you waiting for me for such a long time.很抱歉让你等我这么长时间The headmaster was angry to catch some students smoking again.又一次抓住一些学生吸烟,校长很生气点对点练习2单句语法填空1.I looked up and noticed a snake winding(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.2.The matter being discussed(discuss) now is so important that it will attract everyone’s attention.3.Facial recognition technology is working well at tourist attractions around China,reducing(reduce) the time people spend standing in lines at en。

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