川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究.pdf

成都理工大学 硕士学位论文 川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究 姓名：李宏伟 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：应用地球物理 指导教师：贺振华;黄德济 20100501 摘 要 川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究川东复杂地表地区静校正方法应用研究 作者简介：李宏伟，男，1984 年 5 月生，师从成都理工大学贺振华教授， 2010 年 6 月毕业于成都理工大学应用地球物理专业，获得工学硕士学位 摘摘 要要 由于受地形起伏、爆炸井深、低降速带的影响,地震反射波的反射时距曲线 发生畸变,影响速度分析和叠加成像,并导致错误的解释 要消除地形地表结构对 地震波传播的影响,把由地表引起的时差找出来,并加以校正,使畸变的反射时距 曲线恢复正常,就要对地震原始单炮资料作静校正 随着油气勘探的重点向西部地区转移， 而西部勘探区大部分属于复杂地表与 复杂构造条件的地区，在这些复杂地区，因地表起伏和表层结构横向变化大，反 射波传播路径发生畸变，而造成时距曲线畸变，无法很好成像如果严重的长短 波长静校正问题不能得到很好的解决， 不真实或低信噪比的地震剖面会给解释工 作带来许多假象和困难，严重的还会引起钻探失败解决复杂地表条件下的地震 勘探静校正难题是一个系统工程，具有重要的理论意义和实际价值。

目前，复杂 地表区静校正是地震数据处理的难题之一， 对复杂地表区折射静校正数据处理的 效果不好，就会得出信噪比低甚至失真的地震剖面，因此不能有效地进行地质解 释 为了解决复杂地表条件下地震勘探静校正问题， 需要结合工作区的地质特征， 采用针对性和配套的静校正处理技术方法联合计算才能取得理想的处理效果 四川盆地东部地区地震地质条件复杂， 地表高山林立， 出露地层岩性变化大， 地下碳酸盐岩储层非均质性强， 其中高陡构造带来的静校正问题引起地震成像困 难本论文针对目前西部油气勘探，特别是山地油气勘探中迫切需要解决的复杂 地表区静校正技术难题，针对四川东部某山地特征地区，对各种静校正方法进行 了深入的研究和探讨研究内容主要包括： （1）对表层各种调查方法进行研究的 基础上，分析和研究几种复杂地形的特点及其在地震上表现，得出各地区静校正 方法的适用条件及存在的各种问题等 （2）在对各种静校正方法进行详细分类和 介绍的基础上， 重点研究了针对本论文实际资料处理中所用到及有关的几种主要 的静校正方法以及各方法中所要涉及到的部分重要算法， 对各种方法所适用的条 件加深认识3）结合川东某复杂山地地区的地震资料，利用以上的几种静校 正方法，做了大量的实验和对比，找出各种方法的适用性和使用效果。

其中，所 涉及的方法包括：扩展广义互换法折射静校正、基于时间项技术的延迟时分解折 射静校正、非线性层析静校正、混合寻优算法剩余静校正、基于地表非一致性理 I 成都理工大学硕士学位论文 II 论的时变时差静校正4）针对川东复杂山地地区的地震资料特征，寻找出了 解决该复杂地区以及类似地区静校正问题的最优化方法， 联合应用各类静校正方 法进行处理，为资料处理提供参考 关键词： 静校正 复杂地表条件 扩展广义互换法折射静校正 延迟时分解折射 静校正 非线性层析静校正 混合寻优算法剩余静校正 时变时差静校正 Abstract The Static Correction applied research of the eastern complex surface region of Sichuan Introduction of the author: Li hong wei, male, was born in May, 1984 whose tutor was Professor He zhenhua . He graduated from Chengdu University of Technology in Earth exploration and Information Technology major and was granted the Master Degree in June, 2010. Abstract . By topography, explosion depth, low velocity layer effects, the seismic reflection time-distance curve distortion, affecting velocity analysis and stack imaging, and lead to erroneous interpretation. To remove the topographic surface structure on seismic wave propagation, find out the time difference caused by the surface to correct and distortion the reflection time-distance curve, we need to make static correction to seismic data. With the transfer of oil and gas exploration in the western region, most of the western exploration area has a complex surface conditions, in these complex areas, surface fluctuations and lateral variations in surface structure due to reflected wave propagation path distortion, time-distance curve distortion and no image. If the serious issue of the length of the wavelength static correction can not be well resolved, untrue or low signal to noise ratio of seismic profile would bring interpretation a lot of false and difficulties. To solve complex surface conditions seismic static correction is a systematic problem, has important theoretical and practical value. The bad data processing effects of complex surface area statics lead to low SNR or distortion of the seismic profile, can not effectively carry out geological interpretation. To address the complex surface conditions seismic static correction problem, we need to combine the work of the geological features, associate with specific technical methods of static correction to joint calculation to achieve the desired treatment effect. The eastern of sichuan basin has complex geological conditions, surface mountains everywhere exposed major lithologic change and steep structures statics problem caused the difficulties of seismic imagination. In this thesis, to the current petroleum exploration in Western, particularly the static correction technical problems of oil and gas exploration in the complex mountainous surface, to mountain characteristics of the eastern region of sichuan, to research and study various static III 成都理工大学硕士学位论文 IV correction methods. The study includes: (1) on the basis of the study of surface of various survey methods, analysis and study the characteristics of several complex terrain and its performance in the earthquake, come to the application conditions of static correction method of areas and the existing various problems. (2) on the based of detailed classification and description of varierous of static correction methods, focuses on the actual data processing in the use and the statics of several major methods and the methods to be involved in some important algorithms, to better understand the conditions of various methods. (3) combined the earthquake data of the complex mountainous area of the east of sichuan, apply several static correction to make a lot of experiments and comparetions, find the applicability and effecttion of various methods. Involved methods include: extended generalized reciprocal method static correction, delay time decomposition static correction, nonlinear tomographic static correction, hybrid optimization algorithm residual static correction, time-varying residual static correction. (4) to the seismic data features of the complex mountain area of east sichuan, to find out the optim。