麦肯锡报告：中国数字化转型互联网影响下的生产和增长.pdf

McKinsey Global Institute China’s digital transformation: The Internet’s impact on productivity and growthMcKinsey Global Institute China’s digital transformation: The Internet’s impact on productivity and growth July 2014 Copyright © McKinsey natural resources; labor markets; the evolution of global financial markets; the economic impact of technology and innovation; and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, the economic impact of the Internet, and the future of manufacturing. MGI is led by three McKinsey it is not commissioned by any business, government, or other institution. For further information about MGI and to download reports, please visit McKinsey Global Institute China’s digital transformation: The Internet’s impact on productivity and growth Jonathan Woetzel Gordon Orr Alan Lau Yougang Chen Elsie Chang Jeongmin Seong Michael Chui Autumn Qiu July 2014 Preface Some 18 months ago, the McKinsey Global Institute published a report on the explosive growth of e-tailing in China, noting that the Internet was producing real macroeconomic effects by spurring incremental consumption. Today China’s consumer-focused Internet is transforming into a more business-oriented Internet. This next wave of digital development promises to have an even deeper impact on China’s economy—contributing not only to faster GDP growth but to growth that is based on productivity, innovation, and consumption. This research examines six representative sectors of China’s economy and analyzes the transformations that are taking place within them as new Internet applications take hold. It finds that these innovations will not only generate productivity gains but will lead to the creation of entirely new markets for digital goods and services. Beyond the effects within these sectors, the Internet creates information transparency that can improve investment decisions and make the allocation of capital more efficient throughout the entire economy. As business adoption of the Internet reaches critical mass, competition will intensify for companies and workers alike. Major industries may be entering a period of disruptive change, but China’s digital transformation could lead to productivity growth and rapid innovation. Even more important, it could produce societal benefits that include wider access to capital, a more effective health-care system, and a workforce with greater skills. This project was led by MGI senior fellows Elsie Chang and Jeongmin Seong, along with MGI director Jonathan Woetzel; McKinsey and MGI principals Yougang Chen and Michael Chui. The project team was managed by Autumn Qiu and consisted of Ellen Chang, Welson Li, Nancy Nan, Candy Tang, Betty Yee, and Sellina Yu. Thanks to Lisa Renaud and Lin Lin for editorial support and to our communications, operations, and production colleagues—including Marisa Carder, Fanny Chan, Deadra Henderson, Bo Jiang, Glenn Leibowitz, Julie Philpot, Rebeca Robboy, and Rebecca Zhang—for their much appreciated contributions. A number of colleagues made significant contributions to our fact base, including MGI director James Manyika, MGI principal Jaana Remes, and MGI senior fellow Jan Mischke. We also extend thanks to our research colleagues Tim Beacom, Ningkun Hu, Shumi Jain, Karen P. Jones, Xiujun Lillian Li, Hongying Liao, Terry Sun, Yang Wang, Jing Xiao, Frances Xu, Lei Xu, Tony Zhou, and Xin Zhou. This report benefited greatly from the support and expertise provided by numerous McKinsey colleagues across the globe and from a range of industry practices. We are grateful to Markus Allesch, Nick Arnold, Wouter Baan, Diego Barillà, Dirk Breitschwerdt, Philip Bruno, Jacques Bughin, Elizabeth Bury, Jamie Cattell, Amy Chen, Jason Chen, Joe Chen, Mei-Jung Chen, Rae Chen, Jayson Chi, Violet Chung, Costanza Citrini, Joseph Cyriac, Julian Dai, Olivier Denecker, Fey Deng, Karel Eloot, Mauro Erriquez, Dan Ewing, Xiyuan Fang, Maxine Fu, Stefan Fürnsinn, K Ganesh, Paul Gao, Bill Gerhardt, Fang Gong, Geliang Gong, Peter Groves, Mingyu Guan, Andreas Habeck, Dörte Hahn, Joseph He, David Henderson, Sheng Hong, Eddie Huang, Daniel Hui, Sheinal Jayantilal, David Jiang, Sebastian Kempf, Thilo-Anyas König, Jan- Christoph Köstring, Axel Krieger, Kenny Lam, Joshua Lan, Franck Le Deu, Dan Leberman, Martin Lehnich, Nicolas Leung, Guangyu Li, Vincent Li, Yinuo Li, Wenkan Liao, Marc Lien, Nathan Liu, Li Ma, Lars Markworth, Dmitri Mishustin, Timo Möller, Alexander Ng, Tunde Olanrewaju, Gregory Otte, Michael Phillips, Philipp Radtke, Gérard Richter, Dave Rogers, Robert Schiff, Sha Sha, Kai Shen, Philipp Siebelt, Ari Silverman, Sebastian Sjöberg, Kevin Sneader, Min Su, Florian Then, Christopher Thomas, Kevin Wei Wang, Larry Wang, Dominik Wee, Florian Weig, Jun Xu, Max Yang, Peter Zarth, Haimeng Zhang, and Daniel Zipser. We are also grateful for the challenge and advice provided by our academic advisers for this research: Martin Baily, the Bernard。