杜威 民主主义与教育 英文版.doc

A Penn State Electronic Classics Series PublicationDemocracy and Educationby John DeweyThe Pennsylvania State University is an equal opportunity university.Democracy and Education by John Dewey is a publication of the Pennsylvania State University. This Portable Document file is furnished free and without any charge of any kind. Any person using this document file, for any purpose, and in any way does so at his or her own risk. Nei- ther the Pennsylvania State University nor Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, nor anyone associated with the Pennsylvania State University assumes any responsibility for the material contained within the document or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way.Democracy and Education by John Dewey, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Classics Series, Jim Manis, Faculty Editor, Hazleton, PA 18202-1291 is a Portable Document File produced as part of an ongoing student publication project to bring classical works of literature, in En- glish, to free and easy access of those wishing to make use of them.Cover Design: Jim ManisCopyright © 2001 The Pennsylvania State UniversityContentsChapter One: Education as a Necessity of Life ......................................................................................5 Chapter Two: Education as a Social Function.....................................................................................14 Chapter Three: Education as Direction.....................................................................................................28 Chapter Four: Education as Growth.........................................................................................................46 Chapter Five: Preparation, Unfolding, and Formal Discipline.........................................................58 Chapter Six: Education as Conservative and Progressive.................................................................74 Chapter Seven: The Democratic Conception in Education...............................................................85 Chapter Eight: Aims in Education ......................................................................................................105 Chapter Nine: Natural Development and Social Efficiency as Aims.............................................116 Chapter Ten: Interest and Discipline.............................................................................................. 130 Chapter Eleven: Experience and Thinking........................................................................................145 Chapter Twelve: Thinking in Education.................................................................................................158 Chapter Thirteen: The Nature of Method..............................................................................................171 Chapter Fourteen: The Nature of Subject Matter............................................................................188 Chapter Fifteen: Play and Work in the Curriculum..........................................................................202 Chapter Sixteen: The Significance of Geography and History.......................................................214Chapter Seventeen: Science in the Course of Study..........................................................................226 Chapter Eighteen: Educational Values....................................................................................................239 Chapter Nineteen: labor and leisure.........................................................................................258Chapter Twenty: Intellectual and Practical Studies.........................................................................270 Chapter Twenty-one: Physical and Social Studies: Naturalism and Humanism........................285 Chapter Twenty-two: The Individual and the 'e'orld.........................................................................299 Chapter Twenty-Three: Vocational Aspects of Education................................................................315 Chapter Twenty-four: Philosophy of Education...............................................................................330 Chapter Twenty-five: Theories of I(nowledge....................................................................................340 Chapter Twenty-six: Theories of IViorals...................................................................................................353John Dewey5Democracy and EducationbyJohn DeweyChapter One: Education as a Necessity of Life1. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Other-wise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may main-tain itself against the blow, much less。