（新课标）天津市2018届高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 单项填空 专题四 介词和介词短语课件.ppt

专题四　介词和介词短语专题四　介词和介词短语-2-考情概览1.考查常用介词和介词短语的基本用法天津高考中对介词的考查主要是常用介词,如to,by,on,at,over,about,with,above等2.考查常用介词或介词短语含义和用法的辨识能力尤其是在一定的语言环境中,辨析意义相同或相近但使用范围不同的介词或介词短语3.考查介词与某些名词的搭配以及“介词+名词+介词”的搭配形式特别是那些搭配繁多、用法灵活的介词,不同的搭配可用来表示不同的意义-3-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九表示时间的介词1.in,on,at,over(1)in表示在一段时间之内通常时间较长,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月份及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等如:in the 1950s,in 1989,in summer,in January,in one’s thirties等2)on表示在具体的某一天或某一天的早晨、中午、晚上如:on May 1st,on Monday,on a cold night in January,on a fine morning等3)at表示在一个时间点上。

指某一时刻或较短暂的时间,也泛指圣诞节、复活节等如:at 3:20,at this time of year,at Christmas,at night,at this moment等-4-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九(4)over后面接一段时间,表示“超过……”或“在……期间”如:David Crum,the CEO of Geldart Software,announced that the corporation would open three branches in Bangkok over the next several months.(5)由last,next,this,that,some,every等词修饰的表时间的名词之前一律不用介词如:He went to Japan last year.We meet every day.-5-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九2.in,after(1)“in+一段时间”表示将来的一段时间之后,或表示在过去的一段时间之内如:My mother will come back in three or four days.John answered all the questions in ten minutes.(2)“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间之后。

如:He arrived after five months.(3)“after+具体时间”表示将来或过去的某一时刻之后如:She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.The rain began to fall after seven.-6-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九3.from,since,for(1)from后接具体时间,说明从什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久如:I hope to do morning exercises from today.(2)since后接具体的时间,表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用如:We have not seen each other since 2010.(3)for后接一段时间,通常与完成时连用如:I have been in the army for 5 years.-7-考点一考点二考点三考点四考点五考点六考点七考点八考点九【典例分析】 Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves 　　　half an hour. A.by B.inC.for D.until答案为B项。

考查介词句意:简很匆忙,因为去机场的火车半小时内就要发车了in可以表示“在(某段时间)内”,故选B项They had a pleasant chat 　　　a cup of coffee. A.for B.withC.duringD.over答案为D项句意:他们边喝咖啡边进行了友好的交谈for和during都有“在……期间”之意,但后面通常接时间;with意为“随着,用”;over意为“在(做)……期间,边……边……”-8-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示地点方位的介词1.at,in,on,to,off(1)at表示在小地方或“在……附近;在……旁边”如:He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.(2)in表示在大地方或“在……范围之内”如:He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Shandong lies in the east of China.(3)on表示毗邻或接壤如:Russia lies on the north of China.(4)to表示“在……范围外”,强调不接壤。

如:Japan is to the east of China.(5)off意为“离开;在……之外”如:The experiment will be made in a laboratory off the campus.-9-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went 　　　the road. A.onB.alongC.fromD.off答案为D项考查介词句意:她在拐弯处开车速度太快了,车差点儿偏离了道路go off the road是固定搭配,意为“偏离了道路”-10-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.above,over,on(1)above意为“在……上方”,只表示位置高于某物但不强调是否垂直,与 below相对如:The bird is flying above my head.(2)over意为“在……之上”,表示垂直高于某物,与under相对over强调距离物体有一定的空间、不直接接触如:There is a bridge over the river.(3)on意为“在……之上”,表示在某物体上面并与之接触。

如:He put his watch on the desk.3.below,under(1)below表示“在……之下”,不一定在正下方如:Please write your name below the line.(2)under表示“在……正下方”如:There is a cat under the table.-11-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68℃￿　　　the average. A.belowB.onC.atD.above答案为D项句意:去年是记录中最暖和的一年,全球气温高于平均值0.68摄氏度below“在……下面”;on“在……上面”;at“在某时,在某地”;above“在……上方,超过”-12-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示运动方向的介词1.across,over,through(1)across表示从物体表面穿过,与on有关如:across the playground/square/desert(2)over表示动作是在空中进行的。

如:He jumped over the wall.(3)through表示从物体内部穿过,与in有关也可表示时间,指“(从开始到结束)经历了……”如:through the pipe/forest/doorShe nursed me through my long illness.-13-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九2.in,into(1)in通常表示静态,意为“在……里面”如:We walked in the park.(强调“在公园里走着”)(2)into通常表示动态,意为“进入到……里面”如:We walked into the park.(强调“走进公园”)-14-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示原因的介词1.for表示原因时,常与sorry,famous,punish,praise,thank,blame等词连用如:I am sorry for what I said to you.2.at表示引起某种情感变化的原因,常与表示看、听或喜、怒、吃惊的词连用,意为“因听到或看到……而……”如:He was surprised at the news.3.from常接抽象名词,表示自然、间接或外在的原因,如受伤、车祸等。

如:He died from the wound.4.of多用于表示自身或内在的原因,如病、饿等如:The old man died of hunger.-15-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九5.with指生理上或情感上由外界而影响到内心的原因如:Hearing the news,he jumped with joy.He was shaking with anger.6.by表示外部的、尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因如:She took your umbrella by mistake.7.over 一般用于 cry,weep,laugh 等带有感情色彩的动词后,表示所发生的事情的原因如:She wept over the death of her daughter.We laughed over the victory.8.because of 表示引起结果的直接原因如:He retired last month because of his illness.-16-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九9.thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因,常意为“幸亏……,多亏……”。

如:Thanks to John,we won the game.-17-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 When we heard the news that Beijing Basketball Team has won the final,we sang and danced 　　　joy. A.toB.withC.atD.of答案为B项该题应用with表示由于高兴而又唱又跳with表示原因时,一般指由外界而影响到内心的原因—How about your trip to Italy?—Oh,　　　 the fine weather,we enjoyed ourselves indeed. A.but forB.thanks toC.in spite of D.because of答案为B项句意:——你去意大利的旅行怎么样?——哦,幸亏天气好,我们玩得真的很愉快B项意为“幸亏,由于”,符合句意but for意为“要不是”,in spite of意为“尽管”,because of意为“因为”,都与句意不符-18-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示计量的介词1.at表示“以……速度;以……价格”。

如:It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.I sold my car at a high price.2.for表示“用……交换;以……为代价、报酬或惩罚”如:He sold his car for 500 dollars.He got a medal for bravery.注意:at表示单价,for表示总钱数3.by表示“以……计”,后跟计量单位如:They paid him by the month.注意:by后接具体计量单位时要加the-19-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 He thought the jar made of earth 　　　little value and let me have it 　　　only one dollar. A.with;forB.of;forC.of;byD.with;by答案为B项句意:他认为那个土罐子不值多少钱,让我付一美元拿走了它第一个空应用of,of little value/importance/use意为“没什么价值/重要性/用处”;第二个空应用for,表示“以一美元为代价,用一美元交换”。

-20-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示工具或手段的介词1.by意为“用某种方式”,后面接交通工具的名词时不带冠词如:I went there by bus.2.with表示“用某种工具”,后面的名词需带冠词如:He broke the window with a stone.3.in表示“用”时,后面的名词不带冠词,且多为铅笔、墨水、颜色、语言等如:I hate letters written in pencil.Say it in English.4.on表示“以……方式”,多用于固定词组如:They talked on the telephone.She learns English on the radio/on TV.-21-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2015·陕西卷,12)The little pupil took his grandma 　　　the arm and walked her across the street. A.onB.byC.inD.at答案为B项take sb.by the arm“抓住某人的胳膊”。

句意:那个小学生抓住他奶奶的胳膊,带她过马路2017·北京卷,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living 　　　fishing industry. A.atB.inC.onD.by答案为B项句意:很多生活在沿海地区的人们在捕鱼行业谋生表示在某个行业或某个领域应用介词in注意:by后跟某种手段或工具-22-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示“在……之间”的介词1.between表示在两者之间如:You are to sit between your father and me.2.among表示在三者或三者以上的人或物之间如:He is always happy among his classmates.3.有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或物,但强调多者中的两两关系时用between如:Switzerland lies between France,Italy,Austria and Germany.Pay attention to the relationship between the sentences in your composition.-23-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 (2017·天津卷,12)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be 　　　trees that are over 1,000 years old. A.amongB.againstC.behindD.below答案为A项。

句意:当你驱车驶入加利福尼亚州红杉林的时候,你会置身于有着超过一千年历史的树木之中among“在……中”符合句意against“靠着”;behind“在……之后”;below“低于”故选A项-24-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九表示“除了”的介词1.besides表示“除……之外,还有……”如:We all went to see the film besides you.(包括你)2.except表示“除……外,把……除去”如:We all went to see the film except you.(不包括你)3.but与except同义,但多用于不定代词no one/nobody/nothing/everything/all和副词nowhere/anywhere以及疑问代词who之后如:I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.4.except for表示“如无……就……,只是……”,多表明理由、细节如:His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.-25-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九5.except that表示“除……外,把……除去”,后面接句子。

如:I know nothing about him except that he is from Beijing.6.apart from在不同的上下文中,既有besides的含义,又有except和except for的含义,要根据上下文来判别如:Apart from/Besides English,he has a good command of Russian and French.He has no interests,apart from/except his work.It’s a good paper,apart from/except for a few spelling mistakes.-26-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九【典例分析】 People keep to themselves in my neighborhood.We don’t drop by unannounced,　　　 one night a year,December 30. A.instead of B.more thanC.as toD.except for 答案为D项。

句意:在我居住的社区,人们很少往来我们不会在没有打招呼的情况下相互拜访,但有一天晚上除外,那就是每年的12月30日instead of“代替;而不是”,more than“多于,超出,比……多”;as to“关于,就……而论”;except for“除了……以外”根据语境可知,答案为D项-27-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点八考点四考点九　 good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Shandong Cuisine. A.Far fromB.Regardless ofC.Instead of D.Apart from答案为D项far from意为“远离;远非”;apart from意为“除……以外”;instead of意为“代替;而不是”;regardless of意为“不管,不顾”句意:除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供不同种类的传统鲁菜-28-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九介词与某些词类的习惯搭配1.介词和名词搭配时的习惯用法(1)与in搭配:difference/interest/delight/progress/satisfaction/pride等。

2)与to搭配:attention/answer/key/visit/honor等3)与on搭配:attack/pity/mercy/congratulation(s)等4)与with搭配:bargain/chat/connection/conversation/talk等-29-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九2.介词和形容词搭配时的习惯用法(1)与of搭配:afraid/careful/certain/sure/fond/full/ashamed/tired/ proud/worthy等2)与at搭配:angry/surprised/pleased/good/clever/slow/terrified等3)与in搭配:poor/rich/expert/successful/absorbed/interested/ engaged/high/low/strict等4)与about搭配:anxious/careful/certain/sure/sorry/worried/happy等5)与to搭配:polite/equal/useful/necessary/strange/devoted/similar/ next/kind/cruel/rude/known/close等。

-30-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(6)与for搭配:anxious/eager/famous/known/fit/sorry等7)与with搭配:busy/angry/strict/familiar/popular/satisfied/careful等8)与from搭配:different/far/free/safe/absent等9)“It is+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.”句型中,如果仅仅描述不定式的情况,要用介词for但当是指性格、情感方面的形容词,并且用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品质时,后面用of短语,常见的这类形容词有cruel/kind/good/clever/honest/nice/careful/careless/brave/polite/rude/wise/foolish/stupid/lazy等如:It’s important for you to learn English well.It’s foolish of you to lie to the teacher.-31-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九【典例分析】 (2016·天津卷,2)The dictionary is 　　　:many words have been added to the language since it was published. A.out of control B.out of dateC.out of sightD.out of reach答案为B项。

后半句句意:自从它出版以来,这门语言增添了许多单词由此可知这本词典过时了out of control “失去控制”;out of date“过时”;out of sight“看不见”;out of reach“够不到”故选B项-32-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九(2017·江苏卷,32)Determining where we are 　　　our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face ofD.in relation to答案为D项句意:确定我们与周围环境的关系仍然是我们生存的一项基本技能in contrast to“相比之下”;in defense of“为……辩护”;in face of“面临”;in relation to“与……有关”故选D项-33-考点一考点二考点三考点五考点六考点七考点四考点八考点九特别提醒常用介词搭配在英语中极其丰富,意义复杂多变同一个介词可以与不同的动词、名词或形容词搭配,表示不同的意思;反之,同一个动词、名词或形容词与不同的介词搭配,也表示不同的意思。

掌握这些搭配,对夯实基础、提高英语水平大有裨益要掌握这些搭配,关键是看平时的积累,首先要理解不同介词的含义,其次要注意观察、发现并识记介词的各种搭配-34-1.(2017·天津卷,13)We offer an excellent education to our students.　　　,we expect students to work hard. A.On averageB.At bestC.In returnD.After all解析￿句意:我们为学生提供卓越的教育相应地,我们期望学生努力学习on average“平均”;at best“最多”;in return“作为报答;反过来;相应地”;after all“毕竟”故选C项2.(2017·天津第一中学第四次月考,4)The debate here will be limited in two main respects,　　　 the time available. A.in view ofB.in return forC.in addition toD.in comparison with解析￿句意:考虑到现有的时间,这场辩论将被限制在两个主要的方面。

in view of “鉴于,考虑到”,符合句意,故选A项in return for“作为……的报答”;in addition to“除……之外”;in comparison with“与……比较”CA-35-3.(2017·天津和平区三模,14)We’d better discuss everything 　　　before we work out the plan. A.in detailB.in generalC.on purposeD.in time解析￿句意:在制定计划之前,我们最好把所有的事情都详细讨论一下in detail“详细地”,与句意相符,故选A项in general“大体上”;on purpose“故意地”;in time“及时”4.(2017·天津和平区上学期期末质量调查,3)My driving has improved a lot,but it is still 　　　perfect. A.next to B.far fromC.due toD.apart from解析￿句意:我的驾驶技术进步了许多,但是离完美还差得很远far from perfect表示“远不够完美”,故选B项。

AB -36-5.(2016·浙江卷,6)That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help.　　　,he’s reliable. A.Or elseB.In shortC.By the wayD.For one thing6.These comments came 　　　specific questions often asked by local newsmen. A.in memory of B.in response toC.in touch with D.in possession ofB 解析句意:那个年轻人做人诚实、善于合作、总是乐于助人总之,他靠得住后一句是对前一句几项内容的概括总结,故用in short“总之,简言之”or else“或者”;by the way“顺便说一下”;for one thing“一方面”故选B项B 解析句意:这些评论是为了回应当地的新闻记者们经常问的具体问题in memory of“作为对……的纪念”;in response to“对……做出反应”;in touch with“同……有联系”;in possession of“占有,拥有”。

-37-7.Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live 　　　nature. A.in view ofB.in need ofC.in touch with D.in harmony withD 解析句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,就这点而论,我们要想生存唯一的办法就是与大自然和谐相处in view of“由于,鉴于”;in need of “需要”;in touch with“与……有联系”;in harmony with“与……和谐”-38-8.—Did you catch the first bus this morning?—No.It had left the stop 　　　I got there. A.in the timeB.at the timeC.by the timeD.during the time9.—Am I bothering you?—No.　　　,I like you to accompany me. A.In a nutshell B.On the other handC.In the endD.On the contraryC 解析句意:——今天早晨你赶上第一班公共汽车了吗?——没有,我到那儿时,车已走了。

in the time“在某段时间内”;at the time“当时”;by the time“到……为止”,可作为连接词用,引导时间状语从句,要求主句用完成时;during the time“在一段时间内”D解析答句句意:不恰恰相反,我喜欢你的陪伴in a nutshell“总之”;on the other hand “另一方面”;in the end“最后”;on the contrary“恰恰相反”故选D项-39-10.Max is hardworking, cheerful and 　　　,honest. A.above all B.after all C.at all D.all in all11.　　　 the culture gap and language differences,we still can understand each other through our body language. A.RegardingB.WithoutC.DespiteD.ConsideringA 解析句意:麦克斯勤劳、快乐,最重要的是诚实above all“首先;最重要的”,强调重要性;after all“毕竟”;at all“根本”,常用于否定句和疑问句中。

all in all“总之”C解析句意:我们尽管有文化差异和语言方面的不同,但通过身势语我们仍然能够相互理解regarding“关于”;without“没有”;despite“尽管”;considering“考虑到”-40-12.　　　 your help,we could not have finished such hard work in time.A.In spite ofB.But forC.Thanks toD.As for 13.The art show was 　　　being a failure;it was a great success. A.far fromB.along withC.next toD.regardless ofB 解析句意:要不是你的帮助,我们不可能及时完成那样艰难的任务in spite of“尽管”;but for“要不是……的话”;thanks to“多亏”;as for“至于……”故选B项A解析句意:这次画展远非失败,而是一个巨大的成功far from“远非”;along with“与……一起”;next to“靠近”;regardless of“不顾;不考虑”。

-41-14.John accepted the championship award 　　　the team. A.in honor ofB.in favor ofC.on account of D.on behalf of15.I’m sorry I didn’t phone you,but I’ve been very busy 　　　the past couple of weeks. A.beyond B.withC.amongD.overD 解析句意:约翰代表他的赛队接受了冠军奖杯in honor of“为了纪念……”;in favor of“支持;有利于”;on account of “因为”;on behalf of “代表”D 解析句意:对不起,我没有给你打,我过去的几周一直很忙beyond“超出”;with“与……一起”;among“在……之中(用于三者或三者以上的数量)”;over“跨过;在……期间”-42-16.Neil seemed very calm,yet Celia was still aware of his panic 　　　the surface. A.beneathB.overC.beyondD.from17.Sometimes questions in the interview are 　　　expectation and difficult to answer well. A.amongB.betweenC.withinD.beyond A 解析句意:尽管尼尔表现得似乎很镇静,但是西莉亚还是意识到尼尔冷静的表面下隐藏的恐慌。

beneath the surface“在表面下”故选A项D解析句意:有时候面试中的问题超出预料,很难回答好beyond expectation“超出预料”-43-18.Books are the most important records we keep 　　　man’s thoughts,ideas and feelings. A.upB.ofC.offD.atB 解析本句中短语keep records of (记录)被定语从句拆开了,records是先行词,we keep ...是定语从句句意:书籍是我们对人类思想、观点和感情的最重要的记录-44-19.The shelter is expected to help the homeless live 　　　the bitter winter. A.acrossB.with C.through D.against 20.Don’t put your bicycle 　　　the window.The glass can be easily broken. A.with B.againstC.beyondD.offC 解析句意:这个收容所有望帮助无家可归的人度过这个寒冷的冬季。

across“横过”;through“穿过”;against “反对;逆着”live through“度过,熬过”B解析句意:别把自行车倚着窗户很容易弄破玻璃against“倚着,靠着”;beyond“超过”;off“远离”。