2023年考研英语真题及答案解析.doc

考研英语（二）真题及答案解析　　一、试题部分　　Section I Use of English　　Directions:　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)　　Thinner isn't always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.　　Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.　　While such numerical standards seem ___9___, they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, ___10___ others with a low BMI may be in poor___11___.For example, many collegiate and professional football players ___12___ as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a ___13___ BMI.　　Today we have a(an) ___14___ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes___15___ in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes ___16___ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. ___17___ very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.　　Negative attitudes toward obesity, ___18___ in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity ___19___. My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities.Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a high-visibility campaign__20___ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.　　1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured　　2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome　　3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore　　4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example　　5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern　　6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of　　7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies　　8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part　　9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward　　10. [A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless　　11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste　　12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay　　13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant　　14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency　　15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored　　16. [A] compared [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated　　17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only　　18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded　　19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies　　20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without　　Section II Reading Comprehension　　Part A　　Directions:　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)　　Text 1　　What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.　　These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.　　This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends。