
高中英语总复习高中(被动语态).pdf
10页全国个性教育加盟第一品牌凹凸校区:江门市新会区中心南路36 号 209(华润万家斜对面,即苟记腊味楼上)提分热线: 0750-6655988 - 1 - 凹凸个性教育个性化教案科目:英语授课教师:张老师年级:高三学生姓名:符桂珺本次课时: 2 小时已上课时: 4 小时剩余课时:32 小时课题高中被动语态授课时间:月日时备课时间:考点分析1、掌握被动语态的构成以及用法2、了解被动语态的一些特殊用法3、在写作中,正确运用各种被动语态重点、难点1、各种时态的被动语态构成2、主动表被动和一些无被动词汇的用法教学内容第一部分课前检测1. I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ on the phone all the time! A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked 2. As a young man, he didn t know that he famous later onAwas to become Bwill become Chad become Dbecame 3. -Where did you put the broom,Tom? -I _it behind the doorBut now it is goneAdo put Bdo putting Cdid to put Ddid put 4. Once harm _ to the environment, it takes years to have the system recovered.A. does B. is done C. will be done D. be done 5. I don t understand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver. A. think; are B. am thinking ;are C. thought; were D. think; were 6. I fixed my eyes upon the newcomer, wondering whether I _ him somewhere beforeAsaw Bhas seen Chad seen Dwould see 7. My toothache is killing meI _ it _ awayBut now its getting worse and worse. Athink; is going Bthought; was going Chave thought; is going Dhad thought; had gone 8. My brother _ football quite well, but he hasnt played since last year.A. will play B. has played C. played D. plays 9. You speak very good Chinese. -Thanks. I _ it for 4 years before I came to China. A. studied B. study C. was studying D. had studied 全国个性教育加盟第一品牌凹凸校区:江门市新会区中心南路36 号 209(华润万家斜对面,即苟记腊味楼上)提分热线: 0750-6655988 - 2 - 10. By the time my mother came back from work, my sister and I supper and were waiting for her at the table. Ahave cooked Bwere cooking Chad cooked Dwould cook第二部分授课内容一、 【知识点梳理】:被动语态一、 被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态汉语往往用“被”、 “受”、 “给”等词来表示被动意义如: He opened the door.他打开了这扇门 (主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了 (被动语态)二、被动语态的构成1、被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成(8 种常见语态) 人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成一般现在时:am is aretaught 一般过去时:wasweretaught 一般将来时:will shall betaught 现在进行时:am is are beingtaught 过去进行时:waswere being+taught 现在完成时:havehas been taught 过去完成时:havehas been taught 将来完成时:will shall have been+taught 记忆歌诀:被动语态be 字变,过去分词跟后面。
注意:区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构(系表结构)全国个性教育加盟第一品牌凹凸校区:江门市新会区中心南路36 号 209(华润万家斜对面,即苟记腊味楼上)提分热线: 0750-6655988 - 3 - “be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态,有时是系表结构当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态,be 是助动词, be 后面的过去分词是主要动词,动作的对象是主语;当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构,be 是连系动词be后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词其区分办法如下:a 如果强调动作或句中有介词by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构例如:The glass is broken.玻璃杯碎了 (系表结构 ) The glass was broken by the boy.玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了被动语态 ) b 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态如:The magazine is published in Shanghai.这家杂志出版于上海被动语态 )The door is locked. 门锁着系表结构 )The door has already/just been locked.门已经 /刚刚被锁上。
(被动语态 )The shop is opened.这家商店开门了 (系表结构 ) The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday.这家商店每天上午八点开门被动语态 ) c 被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词be 只有一般时态和完成时态2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite 为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:三、被动语态的用法1 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁例如:1) Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了不知道电脑是谁偷的) 2) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981 年 (不知道是谁出版的)2 强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者例如:1) This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的 (this book 即动作的承受者)2) Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。
全国个性教育加盟第一品牌凹凸校区:江门市新会区中心南路36 号 209(华润万家斜对面,即苟记腊味楼上)提分热线: 0750-6655988 - 4 - 记忆歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到四、主动语态变被动语态的方法转换图示:1 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语2 把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词 ),根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be 的形式3 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格例如:1) All the people laughed at him.= He was laughed at by all people. 2) They make the bikes in the factory.= The bikes are made by them in the factory. 记忆歌诀:宾变主,主变宾,by 短语后面跟谓语动词变被动,be 后“过分”来使用Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom. 4、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:(1)主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody 等含糊地表示“人们” 、 “大家”的单词,变为被动句时,通常删去“by” ,但原主语被强调时除外。
如: They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975 年Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作The job can be finished only by him. 这项工作只能由他来完成2)含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子,每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语,即其被动语态有两种形式但多以间接宾语作主语如: Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 5、动词的主动形式表示被动之意全国个性教育加盟第一品牌凹凸校区:江门市新会区中心南路36 号 209(华润万家斜对面,即苟记腊味楼上)提分热线: 0750-6655988 - 5 - 以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词,如:look,feel, smell 等下列动词没有被动式:happen,cost,have 如: An accident was happened yesterday.()昨天发生了一起事故。
An accident happened yesterday.()The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来很香The watch looks good. 这表看起来很好This book sells well. 这本书畅销五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词be过去分词”构成,原来带to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留记忆歌诀:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to 要保留例如:1) We can repair this watch in two days. = This watch can be repaired in two days. 2) You ought to take it away. = It ought to be taken away. 3) They should do it at once. = It should be done at once. 注意:句中如果含有省略“to”的动词不定式,变被动语态时,要还原“to” 如: make、see、help。
