高考常考易混词组辨析28例.docx

高考常考易混词组辨析28例1. humble, lowly, meek 谦卑humble:主要指对自己或自己的地位、成就等表现得谦卑，自感低卑的defeat and failure make people humble.lowly:较文雅的用语，指谦逊，很少用以形容人he had a lowly heart.meek:指性情温顺的屈从他人的行为或意见he is as meek as a lamb.2. damage:主要指造成价值，效用，完整性方面的损坏the water they had thrown over everything to put out the fire damaged the books.harm:强调带來损失，病痛或痛苦though he knows clearly that smoking harms his health, he simply cannot give it up.hurt:尤其指感情或身体遭受创伤my little boy fell off a ladder and hurt himself.you hurt my feelings!injure: 一般常指不公止地对待或冤屈某人，即有意识地侵害别人的权利或毁坏别人的健 康、成就等，也可以指外表、健康、安逸等遭受破坏the gas polluted the surroundings and injured the health of workers and residents of the area.spoil:强烈的毁坏毁灭之意。

指不仅造成价值，精力，兴致的损伤，还意味着可能造成某 种毁灭或彻底破坏，也有宠坏的意思john joined the party and spoiled the pleasure of everyone by his impolite behavior.3. can & be able to都可以表示能够时态角度：can通常用来表示现在的一般能力而当表示将來能力时，一般用will be able tobe able to还表示要经过一番努力才能做到的事if i concentrate on the work, ill be able to work out the problem.ill be able to speak french in another few months.grateful to指对……表不感激，其中的介词to表示对象，宾语通常是人或组织团体grateful for指为......表示感激，其中的介词for表示原因，宾语通常是某一件事ill be very grateful to you if you will give me an early answer.were grateful for all that youve done to us.介词to和for可同时与grateful连用，to短语应置于for短语之前。

they were particularly grateful to us for our timely help.5. exhausted, tired, tiresome 都与疲劳疲倦有关exhausted:筋疲力尽的，疲惫不堪的，语气最强形容人因劳累过度而再无剩余精力或耐 力继续做某事在句中可作表语状语当它形容物，如资源等时，意为耗尽i was too much exhausted to wake easily when once asleep.tired:累的疲倦的，普通用词，泛指由于工作紧张或其他原因导致的疲乏，也可表示厌倦 不耐烦常用于短语be tired of (doing) sth.厌倦做某事im sure you must be tired after cycling all that distance.when i first got to u.s.a, i was tired of eating such kind of food as hamburger every day.tiresome:令人厌倦的讨厌的，描写毫无趣味，易让人生厌的人或事物，也指单调重复的 工作使人感到疲劳。

the difficulty of abstract statements made my learning very tiresome.6・lonely, lonesomelonely:孤单的寂寞的，更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受a lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him.he spent many lonely days on the deserted island before that attractive girl appeared.lonesome :无伴的独居的，通常表达分别或丧偶后的孤寂卑凉，含义校为痛切the house she had always thought of as overcrowded was lonesome when her children grew up and went out on their own.7. familiar with & familiar to 都表示 熟悉familiar tothis subject is familiar to us.these are the rules that are familiar to everyone.familiar with介词with后接事物名词。

they are familiar with english.we are all familiar with the three states of matter.8. glad & happy & pleasedglad为高兴的乐意的，指一时短暂的强烈喜悦，只川于人只能作表语，不作定语，后 接介词of短语，不定式或that从句im glad of your success in the games.happy为幸福的高兴的，隐含一种强烈的满足感，可用于人或事物它可作沱语及表语, 后可接介词about, at, over, with短语及不定式或that从句the story has a happy end.pleased为喜悦的满足的，指持续时间较长的喜悦，只能用于人它多作表语，很少被 用作定语，它的后面可接介词at, about, with短语，不定式或that从句there is nothing to be pleased about.mother was pleased with my full mark in arithmetic.9. base & basis表示 基础 基地。

we camped at the base of the mountain.our companys base is in new york, but we have extended many branches all around the world.base用来指某物体的具体”基础•或底部的”支柱”whats the basis of your opinion?we are willing to develop economic relations with all countries on the basis of mutual benefits.basis则用来表示抽彖意义上的"基础”，常用于比喻句10. fairly, quite, rather都用来说明形容词和副词的程度fairly相当还算，是这一组词中语气最轻的一个quite相当或多或少地 在某种程度上，语气比fairly稍强rather相当有点颇，语气最强fairly只用于修饰褒义的形容词和副词she is fairly clever.rather主要用于贬义rather poor/bad/stupid/ugly也可用在某些褒义的形容词和副词前，具有比fairly更强烈的褒义。

相当于 very: rather good/ well/pretty /clever0若在没有褒贬意义的词前用fairly,表示说话人赞同若用rather,则表示不赞同she is fairly tall for her age.she is rather tall for her age.rather可与too及比较级连用,而fairly和quite则不可my mother is rather better today.quite和rather还可和动词连用，fairly则不可和动词连用this does not quite satisfy me.i dont quite follow you.they rather expected to win the match.i rather like her.quite和rather都可修饰名词，但须放在不定冠词前its rather a pity.当名词前有形容词时，quite和rather可放在不定冠词后，也可放在不定冠词前they had a quite good time, or ...quite a good time11> select & electselect指在广泛的范围中进行有斟酌的精选，淘汰的意味较重，其示须跟名词或代词作宾 语。

most of the delegates to the conference are selected from advanced workers.it is difficult to select good materials for middle school students to read.elect的最普通意思是通过正式手续或投票形式的选举，H后须跟人或职称名词作宾语，亦 可跟名词+名词，名词+as短语，名词+不定式短语的复合结构we elected him monitor.they elected jimmy carter (as) president.they elected him to take part in the competition.12. apply for & apply toapply for申请 请求i want to apply for the position.apply to可以表示 敷上 涂上apply some medicine to his wound.还可表示努力专心，相当于devote...togod, i promise i will apply my life to you.13e gone & lost & missinggone表示丢了没了，含有一去不复返的意味，在句中可作表语和补语，但不能做定语。

my fever is gone, but i still have a cough.she looked down at her dress and found her necklace gone.lost表不丢失，含有失去后难以冋归的意味，在句中可作定语，表语和补语the parents found the lost child at last.his eld。