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论文题目曾子述论.doc

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    • 论文题目:曾了述论作者简介:王菊英,女,1975年6月出生,2004年9月师从于北京师范大学周桂钿教授,于2007年6月获博士学位中文摘要1 先秦是中国哲学最具原创性的鼎盛时期,其中,儒家博人精深的理论内涵永1 i远值得我们认真体味,同时,许多相关的思想史悬案冇待我们继续探索尤其是: [孔孟之间将近二百年的历史,由于文献的缺乏、语境的隔膜和史识的局限,导致] [其中的无数历史谜团更加扑朔迷离,引人入胜 :s 本论文即试图在对先秦儒家进行全面研习的基础上,对孔孟之间儒家的关键; • ■ :代表人物一一曾子的生平、撰述和学术思想作一系统探讨全文共分五章: : i第一章对曾子的出身、邑里、生平(生卒年、名号、从学孔子的年龄、讲学丫 [经历、是否从政等)、性情等问题进行简略考辨,以为进一步考察曾子的著述和: :学术思想做一铺垫 :1 第二章对《曾子》一书的流传情况及与曾子密切相关的《大戴礼记》之《曾; :子》十篇、《孝经》、《大学》、《大戴礼记•王言》、《礼记•曾子问》、上博楚简《内: i礼》、《论语》、《易传》等文献进行较为详细的考察,认为:《曾子》一书不伪,: [其基木部分形成于战国中期以前,反映的是以曾子为主体的曾子学派的思想;新; :问世的上博楚简《内礼》在曾子研究中具有无可替代的重要价值,出它可以确证: [《大戴礼记》之《曾子》十篇是反映曾子思想的核心文本;按照古书通例,《大: i戴礼记•王言》、《礼记•曾子问》、《孝经》极可能就是《汉书•艺文志》所录“《曾; [子》十八篇”中的三篇,《大学》有可能也是《汉书•艺文志》所录“《曾子》十i ;八篇”中的一篇;在孔子辞世后,曾子及其弟子是《论语》的主要编纂者,他们: ]在编纂《论语》的同时,把孔子编纂《易传》的未尽事业尽心加以完成,这也是! :曾子及其弟子“仁以为己任”的实际行动之一。

      ::第三章讲曾子的心性论,具体内容大致包括五个方面,即以孝为“天下之大丫 :经”,“以仁为尊”,以义为奉行孝、仁之准则及由此所达无不宜之境界,以忠信: [为奉行孝、仁之基础,以礼为奉行孝、仁之行为规范曾子提出以孝为核心的道] :德修养理论,将孝提升为一切道德的根木与核心,推崇为天地之间最伟大的常道,: ?以孝统摄一切伦理道德准则,具有道德本体论的意味曾子将孝分为密切相关又丫 [境界有别的三个层次,可以称作孝之三境界曾子“大孝不匮”、“博施备物”的[ i思想意境极为高远,就是吋刻以知恩报恩的心,努力做一个“己欲立而立人,己] :欲达而达人”的“仁者”,既“成己”又“成物”,使自己与他人他物共同臻于更 :加完善的理想境界,从而也就使父母的生命在口己“立德”、“立功”、“立言”的 1努力中达到最大程度的不朽 第四章讲曾子的修养论思想,曾子顺着自己至孝朴直、坚确弘毅的天资,战 1战兢兢地笃行着一以贯Z的修养功夫,在此基础上建立了系统的修养论思想,其 [基本内容即“爱日以学”、“微言而笃行”、“日省而月考”、“终身战战” 第五章讲曾子的天道观,包括如下基本内容,即“一气之化”为本的“天圆 [地方”说、阴阳观和五行观,以及“天Z所生,地Z所养,人为大矣”的犬人观。

      [孔子和曾子已经可以熟练地运用阴阳、五行思想阐发自己对天道、人道的感悟, [足见其对阴阳、五行思想是非常熟悉的,并以之为天道、人道的基本内容孔子 [和曾了没有把五行与人事中的五常相比附,而了思Z《五行》讲仁义礼智圣为人 1事之五行,明显是将仁义礼智圣和金木火水土相比附,这在苟子看來是牵强附会、 1歪曲孔子的,所以斥之为“甚僻违而无类,幽隐而无说,闭约而无解”i结束语讲曾了在中国思想史上的作用和地位曾了是孔了的出色门徒,是孔 !门“弘毅之士”的杰出代表,他以其至孝淳厚的天赋心性,“仁以为己任”的历 :史担当,“微言而笃行”的为学功夫,朝乾夕惕的戒慎修养,毕生“尊仁安义”, :未尝稍息,终于“为中国文化播卜•了无数的善种”,充分实现了他“博施备物” [的“大孝”理想,对塑造中国的道统和学统起了不可替代的重要作用,在中国思 [想史上有着非常重要的地位和影响 最后附录有笔者初步尝试编写的《曾了年谱简编》等参考资料关键词: 曾子 道徳论 修养论 天道观 儒家On Zeng ZiWang JuyingABSTRACTPre-Qin is a very flourishing period that Chinese philosophy has its original :thoughts. The great wisdom of Confucianism deserves our earnest study forever. At ;the same time, there are many thoughtful cases in Chinese history, particularly nearly :two centuries between Confucius and Mencius, that should be investigated :continually.i Zeng Zi (曾 T) is a very important Confucianist in the history of Chinese ;philosophy. He leaves us a lot of excellent papers and marvellous thoughts. The ;thesis, including five chapters, tries to study on Zeng Zi,s life, works, and academic :thoughts.§: The first chapter studies Zeng Zi,s life, including his class origin, birthplace, year:of birth and death, name, year of becoming student of Confucius, teacher career, [character, etc.J The second chapter studies Zeng Zi,s works, including Zeng Zi (《曾子》),Book ;of Filial Piety (《孝经》)「'Great Learning”(《大学》),“ Nei LF'(《内礼》),“Wang :Yan,? «王言》)in Da Dai Li Ji(《大戴礼记》),“Zeng Zi Wen”(《曾子问》)in Li :Ji (《礼 i己》),also concerns the relationship about Zeng Zi and Analects of Confucius ;(《论语》),Zeng Zi and Yi Zhuan (《易传》).Zeng Zi isn't a false book, its major :components form before the intermediate stage of the Warring States, what reflect the :thoughts of Zeng Zi school taking Zeng Zi as the main body. "Nei LT has important :value in Zeng Zi studies, it may irrevocably prove that ten sections of Zeng Zi in Da \ Dai Li Ji are the core text reflecting the thoughts of Zeng Zi.; The third chapter studies Zeng Zi,s moral theory, including five aspects. :Xiao(孝,filial piety) is the universal morals. Ren(仁)and Yi(义)are the profound \ convictions of a typical Chinese philosophe匸 Zhong Xin(忠信)is the base of Xiao. :Li(礼)is the rule to practise Xiao. Zeng Zi proposes that Xiao is the core of :cultivating theory and the foundation of morals, and has meaning of moral ontology in ;his thoughts• Xiao attains a lofty realm of thoughts, and can be classfied three states. $ Xiao is kind and gracious to all the things, makes oneself and others get an ideal state. Children's noble spirit continues parents1 life, thus parents1 spirit can achieve immortality.The fourth chapter studies Zeng Zi's cultivating theory. Zeng Zi proposes that we should cherish our life to learn, practise and introspect in the daily life prudently・The fifth chapter studies Zeng Zi9s natural view, including the theories of Yin Yang (阴阳)and Wu Xing(五行),and the view of nature and man. Confucius and Zeng Zi have utilized Yin Yang and Wu Xing to explain their thoughts about nature and man, which indicates that they are very familiar with Yin Yang and Wu Xing, and take it as the basic content of the thoughts about nature and man.The End talks about Zeng Zi,s position in the history of Chinese thoughts. Zeng Zi is surely the outstanding representative of Chinese confucianists, his important status takes huge influence to Chinese history. He proposes theories and practices of Xiao, founds his own theoretical ideology of Confucianism, all his life embodies his great thoughts, and realizes his ideal. Zeng Zi sowes innumerable good seeds of Chinese culture, and encourages advancement of Chin。

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