再保险概述(共82页).ppt

概述-SummarizeDefinitions-定义History-历史Nature-属性Function-作用12021/11/17Definitions：定义What Do These Words Mean?-这些名词的意思是什么22021/11/17Reinsurance : 再保险nA form of insurance whereby one insurer (the reinsurer) indemnifies another insurer (the reinsured) for losses under insurance policies issued by the reinsured to the public.n再保险又称分保，指原保险人将自己承担的部分或全部保险合同责任分给再保险人32021/11/17Ceding Company:分出人A Primary Company:原保险人Direct Company:直接保险公司cedant , cedent , - all known as the “Reinsured” -再保险分出人Cede:When a company reinsures its liability with another, it “cedes” business -再保，分保，；割让；让与；放弃42021/11/17Ceded company:分入公司-the Company to whom the risk is transferrednReinsurer: 再保险人，再保险接受人-An insurer or reinsurer assuming the risk of another under contract. nAssume：假定，承担，接受52021/11/17Three (Re)insurance Parties保险和再保险的当事人的关系 Insurance ReinsuranceInsuredInsurerReinsuredCedingcompanyCedantReinsurer62021/11/17Retrocede:转分保Retrocession: Reinsurance of Reinsurance-转分保，分保的再次分保Retrocessionaire and Retrocedent: The parties to a RetrocessionRetrocessionaire：转分接受人；Retrocedent:转分保分出人72021/11/17Retention:自留额 Retention：自留额-The amount of risk not being reinsured Cession：分出额-The portion of the sum insured of a risk ceded to a reinsurer by the Cedant. 82021/11/17Commission：佣金n- In reinsurance, the primary insurance company usually pays the reinsurer its proportion of the gross premium it receives on a risk. nThe reinsurer then allows the company a ceding or direct commission allowance on such gross premium received, large enough to reimburse the company for the commission paid to its agents, plus taxes and its overhead. nThe amount of such allowance frequently determines profit or loss to the reinsurer.nReimburse：补偿；overhead：经营管理费用 92021/11/17Profit Commission盈余佣金，纯益手续费n- A provision found in some reinsurance agreements which provides for profit sharing. nParties agree to a formula for calculating profit, an allowance for the reinsurers expenses, and the cedants share of such profit after expensesnFormula：公式nAllowance：津贴、定量供应、允许，补助102021/11/17history112021/11/17The origins of insurance nThe origins of insurance are lost in the mists of antiquity but from very early times various attempts were made, initially in connection with ships and cargoes, to achieve a spreading of risk, which is the simple purpose of both insurance and reinsurance. nmists of antiquity：历史的迷雾nInitially：最初nSpread：分散，分布122021/11/17 MERCHANT UNDERWRITERS： 商人保险商nIt is clear from all the early policies that the insurers were individuals, and it seems probable that for a very long time insurance business was carried on not as a separate profession or business but as an adjunct of the operations of merchants. nIt is also clear that at an early date policies were subscribed or under-written by a number of such merchants for varying amounts, much as is done at the present day on a more elaborate basis by Lloyds under-writers. nAdjunct：辅助；merchant：商人；商业的nElaborate：精细的132021/11/17EMERGENCE OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 保险公司的出现nAn elementary form of fire insurance existed in the Middle Ages as one of the functions of the trade guilds: a levy was made on members to assist such of them as suffered damage to their property by fire. nHowever, there is no record of true fire insurance before the foundation in Christiania (Oslo) of the Norges Brandkasse in 1667.nguild：行业协会nLevy：征收，征用，征集142021/11/17EMERGENCE OF INSURANCE COMPANIES 保险公司的出现nBy coincidence in that same year, as a reaction to the Great Fire of London in 1666, Dr Nicholas Barbon is reported to have setup a business known as The Fire Office in the Cityof London to insure houses and other buildings against fire. nRecent researches, however, suggest that he only began to operate in 1681. nCoincidence：同时存在的152021/11/17USE OF CO-INSURANCE FOR LARGE RISK 对大的风险进行共保的运用 nAs indicated above, the early development of insurance was by individuals as opposed to companies. nThis naturally led to the form of co-insurance which survives on such a large scale today at Lloyds, where individual risks are insured by many individuals for varying amounts aggregating to the total sum insured. nOpposed to：对立的nAggregate：总计，合计162021/11/17USE OF CO-INSURANCE FOR LARGE RISK 对大的风险进行共保的运用 nEven with the subsequent development of reinsurance the practice of co-insurance has continued. nAt Lloyds it continues to be the normal method of spreading individual risks, and with major industrial risks it is the usual pattern of operation to incorporate in the policy a schedule to which many insurance companies may have sub-scribed for their respective shares. nSubsequent：后来的nSchedule：表格，计划； pattern：模式172021/11/17EMERGENCE OF REINSURANCE IN MARINE BUSINESS：再保险出现在海上保险业务上nThe earliest record of a marine reinsurance relates to an insurance of a voyage from Genoa to Sluys.nThe reinsurance was effected not as a proportion of the whole risk but for the whole of the risk for that part of the voyage from Cadiz to Sluyss, which the original insurer clearly considered the more hazardous。