2023年云南考研英语考试真题卷（1）.docx

2023年云南考研英语考试真题卷（1）本卷共分为1大题50小题，作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格一、单项选择题（共50题，每题2分每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意） 1.Text 1Prices are sky high, with profits to match. But looking further ahead, the industry faces wrenching change, says an expert of energy.The time when we could count on cheap oil and even cheaper natural gas is clearly ending. That was the gloomy forecast delivered in February by Dave O’Reilly, the chairman of Chevron Texaco, to hundreds of oilmen gathered for a conference in Houston. The following month, Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez gleefully echoed the sentiment: The world should forget about cheap oil.The surge in oil prices, from ＄10 a barrel in 1998 to above ＄ 50 in early 2005, has prompted talk of a new era of sustained higher prices. But whenever a new era in oil is hailed, scepticism is in order. After all, this is essentially a cyclical business in which prices habitually yo-yo. Even so, an unusually loud chorus is now joining Messrs O’Reilly and Chavez, pointing to intriguing evidence of a new price floor of ＄ 30 or perhaps even ＄ 40. Confusingly, though, there are also signs that high oil prices may be caused by a speculative bubble that could burst quite suddenly. To see which camp is right, two questions need answering: why did the oil price soar And what could keep it highTo make matters more complicated, there is in fact no such thing as a single oil price: rather, there are dozens of varieties of crude trading at different prices. When newspapers write about oil prices, they usually mean one of two reference crudes: Brent from the North Sea, or West Texas Intermediate (WTI). But when ministers from the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) discuss prices, they usually refer to a basket of heavier cartel crudes, which trade at a discount to WTI and Brent. All oil prices mentioned in this survey are per barrel of WTI.The recent volatility in prices is only one of several challenges facing the oil industry. Although at first sight Big Oil seems to be in rude health, posting record profits, this survey will argue that the western oil majors will have their work cut out to cope with the rise of resource nationalism, which threatens to choke off access to new oil reserves. This is essential to replace their existing reserves, which are rapidly declining. They will also have to respond to efforts by governments to deal with oil’s serious environmental and geopolitical side-effects. Together, these challenges could yet wipe out the oil majors.Dave O'Reilly and Hugo Chavez. believe that（）A．prices of oil and natural gas are very high.B．prices of oil and natural gas will not go down.C．oil and natural gas will keep sustained high prices.D．the world has forgotten about cheap oil.2.Text 2Every spring migrating salmon return to British Columbia’s rivers to spawn. And every spring new reports detail fresh disasters that befall them. This year is no different. The fisheries committee of Canada’s House of Commons and a former chief justice of British Columbia, Bryan Williams, have just examined separately why 1.3 million sockeye salmon mysteriously disappeared from the famed Fraser river fishery in 2004.Their conclusions point to a politically explosive conflict between the survival of salmon and the rights of First Nations, as Canadians call Indians.In 2004, only about 524, 000 salmon are thought to have returned to the spawning grounds, barely more than a quarter the number who made it four years earlier. High water temperatures may have killed many. The House of Commons also lambasted the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) for poor scientific data, and for failing to enforce catch levels. Four similar reports since 1992 have called for the department’s reform. In vain: its senior officials are in denial about its ’failings, said the committee.Mr. Williams’ report added a more shocking twist. He concluded that illegal fishing on the Fraser river is rampant and out of control, with no go zones where fisheries officers are told not to confront Indian poachers for fear of violence. The judge complained that the DFO withheld a report by one of its investigators which detailed extensive poaching and sale of salmon by members of the Cheam First Nation, some of whom were armed.Some First Nations claim an unrestricted right to fish and sell their catch. Canada’s constitution acknowledges the aboriginal right to fish for food and for social and ceremonial needs, but not a general commercial right. On the Fraser, however, the DFO has granted Indians a special commercial fishery. To some Indians, even that is not enough.Both reports called for more funds for the DFO, to improve data collection and enforcement. They also recommended returning to a single legal regime for commercial fishing applying to all Canadians.On April 14th, Geoff Regan, the federal fisheries minister, responded to two。