loveisafallacy总结.doc

①绝对判断Dicto simpliciter An argument based on an unqualified generalizationEg：1exercise is good There everybody should exercisewho have heart disease） 2meat will make people fat. (吃肉会长胖)②草率结论Hasty generalizationEg：1you can`t speak french I can`t speak french. Petey can`t speak french. So nobody at the university of minnesota can speak french 2.齐国晏子 楚国君王 橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳，叶徒相似，其实味不同所以然者何？水土异也今民生长于齐不盗，入楚则盗,得无楚之水土使民善盗耶？”③牵强附会Post hocA faulty generalization by reaching an inductivegeneralization based on insufficient evidenceEg:1.let`s not take Bill on our picnic. Evert time we take him out with us ，it rains.　 2.Bill purchases a new PowerMac and it works fine for months。

He then buys and installs a new piece of software. The next time he starts up his Mac， it freezes Bill concludes that the software must be the cause of the freeze.④前提矛盾Contradictory premisesAn argument that draws conclusion from inconsistent or incompatible Essentially a proposition is contradictory when it asserts and denies the same thingEg：1 if god can do anything，can he make a stone so heavy that he won`t be able to lift it? 2.⑤文不对题Ad misericordiamEg:1a man applies for a job. Instead he appeals to the boss`s sympathy。

2.We hope you'll accept our recommendations We spent the last three months working extra time on it.⑥错误类比False analogyEg:1.students should be allowed to look at their textbooks during examinations After all, surgeons have x-rays to guide them during an operation ,lawyers have briefs to guide them during a trial 2⑦与事实相反的假设Hypothesis contrary to fact Eg：1if madame curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of pitchblende ，the world today would not know about radium。

2.If I had studied hard, I would definitely have passed the test.⑧井里投毒Poisoning the well Eg:1.my opponent is a notorious liar. You can`t believe a word that he is going to say 2 You may argue that God doesn’t exist， but you are just following a fad。