贝奥武夫PPT精选文档.ppt

What styles can you observe in the lines of Beowulf?A brief introduction;Content;Appreciation.1 Beowulf is the longest poem that has come down to us from Old English, one of the languages ancestral to Modern English. It is seen as an encomium, a song of praise for a great king. 《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf），又译贝奥武甫，完成于西元八世纪，约750年左右的英雄叙事长诗，长达3000行故事的舞台位于北欧的斯堪的纳维亚半岛是以古英语记载的传说中最古老的一篇，在语言学方面也是相当珍贵的文献 贝奥武夫（Beowulf）乃现存古英文文学中最伟大之作，也是欧洲最早的方言史诗该诗中并未提及英国，但学者相信该诗约於西元七二五年左右在英国完成全诗共三千一百八十二行，以斯堪地那维亚的英雄贝奥武夫的英勇事迹构成主要内容虽然历史上并未证实确有贝奥武夫其人，但诗中所提及的许多其他人物与事迹却得到印证。

2 第一部分描叙丹麦霍格国王（King Hrothgurs）宏伟的宫殿，在前后十二年中，半人半魔的妖怪格兰戴（Grendel）每晚出没捉食霍格的战士此时恰巧瑞典南部济兹（Geats）王子贝奥武夫率家臣来访，协助除害国王当晚设宴款待，谁料妖怪格兰戴又复出现，捉食一名济兹战士，贝奥武夫与之格斗，贝氏扭断其臂，妖怪落荒而逃，因受重伤致死第二天晚上，格兰戴的母亲前来为其子复仇，其后贝氏把她在一湖泊的洞穴中杀死 第二部分描叙贝奥武夫返国，被拥为王，前后五十年，举国大治最后贝奥武夫以垂老之年，杀一喷火巨龙，但其个人亦因而身受重创，终於身死诗末叙其葬礼，并有挽歌 3Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagumþeodcyninga þrym gefrunonhu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon.In modern English:Lo! We the Spear-Danes, in days of yore,have heard of the glory of the people's kingshow the noble ones did deeds of valor.4So, what styles can you observe in the lines of Beowulf?5In terms of its language ＆＆rhyme: Old English poetry such as Beowulf is very different from modern poetry. It was probably recited, for few people at that time were able to read. Instead of pairs of lines joined by rhyme (similarity of sounds at the ends of words), Anglo-Saxon poets typically used alliteration - a technique in which the first half of the line (the a-verse) is linked to the second half (the b-verse) through similarity in initial sound:Oft Scyld Scefing sceaðena threatum。

本诗原以西撒克逊方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用本诗原以西撒克逊方言写成，押头韵而不押尾韵，用双字隐喻而不用明喻整篇诗采用押头韵手法，节奏强劲多变，一般每行四个重音，往往有三个押头韵，这是该诗最明显的特征同时，诗中暗喻和含蓄手法大量使用，也配合表现了英雄题材 《贝奥武夫》（Beowulf） 根据发音，我们译为：贝奥武夫其实，它有两种意思：第一，Beo，是北欧单词的简写，因此，可翻译为：北欧之狼第二，Beo，是“熊”的发音简写，寓意：像熊一样强壮以及像狼一样勇猛的男人 6 A kenning is a descriptive, poetical expression used instead of a simple name for a person or thing. Beowulf is hardly ever called by his actual name. Instead there are many kennings referring to him, such as: "Prince of the Weders", "The Son of Ecgtheow", "The Geatish hero", and "The Lord of the Seamen". These kennings describe Beowulf to us in a more interesting way than just stating the hard facts. Without these kennings Beowulf would be less interesting and we would learn less about him. Anybody would say that describing or referring to a person by his or her name over and over again is boring. So the use of kennings and metaphors is very important in this long epic poem.7In terms of its content ＆＆ significance: 该诗叙述英雄贝奥武夫的冒险故事，他先后杀死妖怪格兰德尔（Grendel)和妖怪的母亲，为民除害，成为国王；他在位50年，天下升平，后又有火龙祸害黎民，贝奥武夫决定再度为民除害，最终杀死火龙，自己也献出生命。

全诗色彩庄严，场面宏阔，具有某种宗教神话涵义，并揭示了公元6世纪的服饰、习俗等文化要素及政府制度，特别是表现了日耳曼民族理想的君臣典范：君主宽宏大度，为臣竭智尽忠 89。