外研小英语语法总复习知识点归纳.pdf

外研版学校英语语法总复习学问点归纳 一，时态 1. 一般现在时 (1) 表示常常发生的动作或事情，通常用 “usually 通常 , often 常常, every 每 , sometimes 有时， always 总是, ”等词； (2) 基本结构 : 主语 I / You / We / They /He / She / It 确定句 ：主语 + 动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式 否定句 ：主语 + dont + 动词原形 或者 doesnt + 动原 一般疑问句 (Yes/No) Do . Yes, I do. No,I don t. Does ( 动词原形 ) .Yes,he/she does. No,he/ she doesn t. 特别疑问句 What do . How does she ( 动词原形 ) . (3) 动词第三人称单数形式 ( 同名词单数变成复数方法相同 ) 1 一般情形 +s 如:walk-walks 2. 辅音字母 +y 结尾 去 y +ies fly-flies 3. 结尾是 s, x ， sh, ch +es watch-watches 4. 结尾是 0 +es do-does, go-goes 5. 特别 have-has 2现在进行时 (1) 表示正在发生的动作，通常用“ now 现在 , 看， linsen 听”. (2) 基本形式 : be + 动词 -ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 第 1 页，共 9 页 What are you doing. Is he reading. (3) 动词的现在分词形式 ( 动词+ing) 一般情形 +ing walk walking 结尾是不发音的 e -e + ing come coming 重读闭音节 双写最终一个字母 +ing swim-swimming run-running 3. 一般过去时 (1) 表示过去已经发生的事情 , 通常用 “last 上一个 , just now 刚才, many years ago 很多年前， yesterday 昨天”等词； (2) be 动词的过去式 : am/is was are were (3) 过去式基本结构 确定句 ：主语 + 动词过去式 I went shopping last night. 否定句 ：主语 + d idn t + 动词原形 I didn t go shopping last night. 一般疑问句 (Yes/No) Did + 动词原形 . Did you go shopping last night. 特别疑问句 (wh- ) What did + 动词原形 . What did you do last night. (4) 动词过去式的变化 : 规章动词的变化 : (1) 一般动词 +ed planted,watered,climbed (2) 以不发音的 e 结尾 +d liked tied (3) 辅音字母加 y 结尾 -y+ ied study studied, cry- cried 第 2 页，共 9 页 (4) 重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一个辅音字双写最终一个字母 +ed plan planned stop stopped 不规章动词的变化 : 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 原形 过去式 am /is was are were go went do did find found buy bought eat ate feel felt drink drank teach taught take took read read give gave have had put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat tell told learn learnt get got carry carried study studied 4. 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来准备做的事或将要发生的事情；常常与 tomorrow, next Sunday 等时间状语连用； 结构 :be going to + 动词原形或 will + 动词原形 例如:I m going to visit my grandpa next week. 第 3 页，共 9 页 二，人称代词 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your his her its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours his hers its theris ( 注: 介词，动词后面跟宾格；后面没出名词时用名词性物主代词； ) 三，可数名词的复数形式 1. 一般名词 : + s book books 2. 辅音字母加 y 结尾: - y+ ies story stories 3. 以 s, x ，sh, ch ，结尾 : + es glass glasses; a watch-watches 以 o 结尾 :1) 有生命的 +es potato-potatoes 2) 无生命的 +s photo-photoes 4. 以 f 或 fe 结尾 : - f 或 fe 变为 ves knife knives; shelf-shelves 5. 特别的名词复数 : man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, 四，不行数名词 ( 没有复数形式 ) bread, rice, water, juice ，milk ，tea ，coffee 五，缩略形式 第 4 页，共 9 页 I m = I am youre = you are shes = she is hes = he is hasnt = he has(got) it s = it is whos =who is cant =can not isn t=is not didn t=did not werent=were not wasnt=was not let s=let us I ll=I will 六， a. an .the 的用法 1. 单词的第一读音是辅音读音 :a book, a peach ， a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音 :an egg ， an hour ， an “F” 要留意的 : 球类前面不加 the ，play football 乐器前面要加 the ， play the piano 序数词前面要加 the, the second 七，介词 1. 表示方位 :on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. ，under 2. 表示时间 : (1)at : 几点前面用 at 如:at six o clock, 没有 day 的节日前用 at 如 :at Christmas, 固定词组 at the weekends ，at night (2)on: 用于星期，日期，某一天的上午，下午，晚上 ( 指详细的某一天时 ) on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning 在星期天的上午 on March 8 在 3 月 8 日; 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如: on National (3)in: 早晨，中午，晚上前用 in:in the morning ，in the afternoon ，in the evening ，月份前用 in ， 如 in December; 季节前用 in ， 如 winter; 年份前用 in ， 如 in 1999 八，基数词变成序数词的方法 第 5 页，共 9 页 1. 直接在基数词词尾加上 th ；如 :seventh 第七， tenth 第十， thirteenth 第 十三， 2. 以 y 结尾的基数词，变 y 为 i ，再加上 eth ；如 :twentieth 其次十； 3. 不规章的；如:first 第一, second 其次， third 第三，fifth 第五， eighth 第八， ninth 第九， twelfth 第十二； 4. 有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最终一个单词如 twenty-first 其次十 一； 九， some /any 的用法 1. 确定句中用 some:I have some toys in my bedroom. 2. 问句和否定句中用 any:Do you have any brothers or sisters. He hasnt got any pencils in his pencil -case. 3. 询问想要什么时用 some:Would you like some juice. Can I have some stamps. 十， there be 结构 1. 确定句 ( 有 ): There is + 单数或不行数名词 There are + 复数 注: 遵循就近原就，看靠 there be 最近的 2. 一般疑问句 ( 有 吗 ,):Is there . Yes, there is./ No, there isn t. Are there . Yes, there are. /No, there aren t. 3. 否定句 ( 没有): There isn t . There aren t . be 句型与 have(has) 的区分 :there be 表示在某地有某物 ( 或 人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物； 十一，祈使句 Sit down please. Dont open the door, please. Let s go to the park. 第 6 页，共 9 页 ( 注: 祈使句中动词用原形 ) 十二， ( 情态 ) 动词 can, may, must, should, will 后面直接用动词原形； 1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in. I must go now. 2. You should be quiet in the library. 3. You ll be good friends. 十四，特别疑问句 什么( 问什么事 , 什么物或什么工作等 ) What are you doing, I m reading. What did you do yesterday. I played basketball. What are you going to do. I m going to do homework. What is that. It s a book. What does he/she do. Shes a nurse. What time is it. It s seven. 2. What colour 问颜色 What colour is your coat. It s red. 3. when 什么时候 When do you get up. I get up at six thirty. When is your。