CAT液压内部培训教程.ppt

Objectives 目标,Understand & study 了解及学习 Hydraulic systems 液压系统 Open Center Systems 开芯式系统 Hydraulic Components 液压零件 Basic Equations 基本公式 Calculations Validate calculation with measurements on 通过测量对SEM650的计算进行验证 Specific objectives 特定目标 ??,,Wheel Loader Power Flow,,,,,,,,,,Rimpull,F x,F y,Torque Converter,Fan, Alternator, Air Cleaner, Muffler (MEC, LEC) T = f (Engine Speed) Brake pump, Pilot pump, Steering pump, Transmission pump (H&HS) T = Disp * Pressure/ Efficiency,,,Gross Engine Lug Curve MEC & LEC,Implement Pump H&HS T = Disp * Press / Eff,Converter Data TBU,Power Flow 动力流动,Engine 发动机,Converter 变矩器,Implement Pumps 工作泵,Cooling Pump 冷却泵,Steering Pump 转向泵,Implement Pilot Pump 工作先导泵,Brake Charging Pump 刹车辅助泵,Transmission Pilot Pump 变速箱先导泵,,,Rimpull 牵引力 Wheel Speed 轮速,Lift Force/Speed 举升力/速度,Tilt Force/Speed翻转力/速度,,,,,,,,,,,,Steering Force Speed 转向力/速度,,Bucket Force Speed 铲斗力/速度,,,,,,,Brake Force 刹车力,,,Air Cleaner, Muffler, Alternator 空滤器，消音器，发电机,,Fuel 燃油,,,Heat 热能,Energy Distribution during Truckloading 9XX 9XX 装车应用时的能量分配,9XX 能量分配,32 秒钟装车周期,,工作热能,转向热能,风扇热能,先导热能,变速箱泵热能,传动热能,刹车热能,车轮滑移热能,空滤器，消音器，发电机热能,发动机冷却热能,发动机排气热能,Focus Primary users of energy 焦点 能量的主要使用者,Implement System 工作装置系统 Powertrain System 传动系统,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics at Work,Hydraulics at Work,,Website with video,Implement System 工作系统,Open Center Systems 开芯式系统 Main system 主要系统 Pilot system 先导系统 Implement valve function 工作阀功能 Area curves 面积曲线 Performance Characteristics 性能特性 Math Modeling 数学建模 Problems/Exercises 问题/练习 Closed Center Systems 闭芯式系统 Variable Implement Pump Controls 可变的工作阀控制 Load Sensing Circuits 负载敏感回路 Problems/Exercises 问题/练习,Terminology,Industry & Academia – tandem center valve Means that in neutral the flow path from Pump to Cylinder - closed Cylinder to Tank - closed Pump to Tank – open Caterpillar – most Cat engineers call this an open center valve Industry & Academia – open center valve In neutral Pump to cylinder to tank all open,Hydraulic Schematics,3 Position Directional Control Valve,Pump,Variable Pump,,,Main Flow Lines,,Pilot Lines,,,,,,Solenoid Actuation,,,,,Pilot Actuation,,,For more see the following website:,Tandem Center Valve (Open Center at Cat),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Pump,Tank,Head End,Rod End,To Lift,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Pump,Tank,Head End,Rod End,To Lift,,,,,,,,Neutral,Dump,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Tandem Center Valve (Open Center at Cat),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Pump,Tank,To Lift,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Pump,Tank,To Lift,,,,,,,,Neutral,Rack,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Head End,Rod End,Head End,Rod End,627 G – Implement System Tandem Center – Interrupted Series,,,Main Relief,Apron (has float),Ejector,Bowl,Pump,,SEM650 示意图 Tandem Center Interrupted Series,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,980H Implement Schematic Tandem Center (open) Interrupted Series,,,,,,,,,,Main Pump,Tank,988H Implement Schematic Tandem (Open) Center Interrupted Series,Main Pump,,Tank,,,,,,,,,Pilot Supply,,,,,,,,,,,,Tandem (Open) Center System,Work at white board What’s wrong with this circuit?,Tandem (Open) Center Hydraulic System 开芯式液压系统,泵排放Pump Displacement = Dp 泵速度Pump Speed = N 泵容积效率Pump volumetric eff = Ev 泵力矩效率Pump torque eff = Tv,,,,,,,缸头端压力面积Pressure area Head End = Phe 缸杆端压力面积Pressure area Rod End = Pre 冲程Stroke = S 缸杆全收缩时长度Collapsed Length = Cl,x,,质量Mass = m 负载Load = mg 阻尼Damping = c,面积Area = Apcre,面积Area = Apche,面积Area = Actre,面积Area = Acthe,面积Area = Apt,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,体积Volume = Vhe 压力Pressure = Phe,,,体积Volume = Vre 压力Pressure = Pre,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Valve Hardware 阀硬件,Tandem (Open) Center Hydraulic Valve Operation 开芯式液压阀操作,工作系统控制阀,主泵系统压力,先导压力,闭塞油路,吸油 / 回油,激活的零件,表面积,升起先导控 制执行器,补油阀,阀杆端,装载单向阀,阀头端,管路溢流 补油阀,降低先导控 制执行器,降低执行器电磁阀,先导通道,至油箱,内部通道,供应通道,至油箱通道,至油箱,举升滤芯,举起执行 器电磁阀,动臂保持不动,工作控制阀,阀杆端,装载单向阀,阀头端,补油阀,降低先导控 制执行器,降低执行 器电磁阀,先导通道,至油箱,内部通道,供应通道,通往下一阀通道,至油箱,举升滤芯,举起执行 器电磁阀,升起先导控 制执行器,补油阀,主泵系统压力,先导压力,吸油 / 回油,激活零件,表面积,动臂下降时,988H Tilt Stem Characteristics,Pump to tank,,Pump to cylinder RE,,Cylinder to tank HE,,Pump to cylinder HE,Cylinder to tank RE,,,988H Lift Stem Characteristics,Pump to tank,,Pump to cylinder HE,,Cylinder to tank RE,,Cylinder to tank HE,,Pump to cylinder RE,,,Raise,Lower,Tilt Valve Areas 翻斗阀面积 SEM 650,卸料,输入,收斗,面积,Pump to tank,,Pump to cylinder HE,,Cylinder to tank RE,,Pump to cylinder RE,,Cylinder to tank HE,,Raise,Lower,Boom Valve Areas 举升阀面积 SEM 650,举升,输入,下降,面积,Pump to tank,,Pump to cylinder HE,,Pump to cylinder RE,,Cylinder to tank RE,,Cylinder to tank HE,,Pump Hardware Gear Pump,,,,,Pump Hardware Vane Pump,Pump Hardware Piston Pump,Valve Port Slot 阀口槽,Outlet Port 出油口,Inlet Port 进油口,Drive Shaft传动轴,Piston 活塞,Swashplate 斜盘,Cylinder Block 缸体,WHERE,Are the components located on your machine? 不同的零件在山工车上的分布？ Next slide shows 992 locations 下一张幻灯片展示的是不同的零件在992上的分布,电子系统,先导液压系统,主要液压系统,两系统通用部分,工作液压泵,先导泵,可变泵 电磁阀,电子 - 液压工作系统,先导溢流阀,工作电子控制组件,先导控制杆组件,主控制阀总成,翻斗缸,翻斗联接位置感应片,举升联接位置感应片,举升缸,液压油箱,Examine actual machine 装载机现场调查,Work at Board 白板展示,Speed Control 速度控制 Force Control 力的控制 Feedback to operator 对驾驶员的反馈,Spee。