动物与饲料PPT课件2.ppt

Basic Nutrition基础营养基础营养: characterization of the nutrients and theirfunction in the body 动物体中营养素的特征和功能动物体中营养素的特征和功能Chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, statistics, physics etc…Nutrient Requirements营养需要营养需要Nutrient ContentOf Feedstuffs andTheir Feeding Value饲料营养量和效价饲料营养量和效价Feeding饲养饲养DietFormulation饲粮配方饲粮配方Major Points on IntroductionnHow and what you feed animals has a big effect on profit 经济效益经济效益nWhat you eat affects your health and life span 影响健康和寿命影响健康和寿命nThe animal’s efficiency of converting feed to edible products is low 动物的转化率是很低的动物的转化率是很低的nNutrients classes have different physical and chemical properties which determine their function in the body 营养分类营养分类nValue of a feed or food is based on the relative amounts of the different nutrients it contains 饲料价值依据所含不同营养饲料价值依据所含不同营养nThe function of the animal determines the amount of each nutrient the animal needs 动物需要的营养动物需要的营养Feeding Farm Animals Requires a Knowledge of饲喂动物需要了解饲喂动物需要了解:nFundamentals of nutrition and factors affecting requirements营养和影响需要量的因素营养和影响需要量的因素nCharacteristics and nutrient content of feedstuffs饲料原料的特征和营养含量饲料原料的特征和营养含量nFeed milling and processing 饲料加工饲料加工nAnimal production systems 畜牧生产系统畜牧生产系统nCost of feedstuffs and prices of product sold 饲料价格和产品售价饲料价格和产品售价Nutrient营养素营养素nSubstance obtained from food or feed and used in the body to provide energy and structural materials for synthesis of body components and to regulate maintenance, growth and repair of tissue.nDIET饲粮饲粮: what an animal eats; for example, a diet for feedlot steers may consist of 82% steam-flaked corn, 10% cottonseed hulls, 5% cottonseed meal, 1% urea, and 2% mineral and vitamin supplements.阉牛的饲粮阉牛的饲粮nRATION日粮日粮: the amount of diet an animal consumes in a given period of time, usually one day. For example, one day’s ration for a horse could be 5.4kg. of Bermuda grass hay and 4.5kg. of a commercial concentrate.狗牙草和浓缩饲料Common Farm AnimalsWhy is Nutrition Important?nAnimalsnHumansEconomic Impact of Animal NutritionAnnual U.S. Production 2009Slaughtered,MillionsAverageWt. Lb.Typical FeedEfficiency*Total Feed,Millions, lbBeef33.33812936.0 F/G258,636Sheep2.3231366.0 F/G1,896Hogs112.6122713.5 F/G106,812Broilers8,658.8605.591.8 F/G87,123Turkeys245.76828.912.0 F/G14,210Number on handDairy(head) 9.201 20,576milk/yr.1.0 F/M189,320Layers(head) 337.702223 eggs/yr.2.1/dozen13,179671,179Efficiency of Converting FeedNutrients Into Human Food Percent of feed nutrient recovered in a product suitable for human consumptionEnergyProteinCattle- milk- meat15-203-813-36 4-15Pork4-2014-20Poultry- eggs- meat 10-18 6-1110-3017-23败血病血病肾病病肺炎肺炎老年痴呆症老年痴呆症肥胖症肥胖症事故事故呼吸疾病呼吸疾病中中风癌症癌症心心脏病病Diet or FeedstuffWater Dry MatterDrying OvenDiet or FeedstuffWater 12% 88% Dry MatterOrganic Matter AshAshing OvenDiet or FeedstuffOrganic Matter 98% 2% AshProtein Vitamins Lipids CarbohydratesWater 12% 88% Dry MatterDiet or FeedstuffProtein10% Vitamins<<1% Lipids 4% 84% CarbohydratesTrue Non-protein nitrogen Soluble FiberWater 12% 88% Dry MatterOrganic Matter 98% 2% AshDiet or FeedstuffProtein10% Vitamins<<1% Lipids 4% 84% CarbohydratesTrue 10% Non-protein nitrogen <<1% 73% Soluble 11% FiberWater 12% 88% Dry MatterOrganic Matter 98% 2% AshFarm animals efficiently convert feed nutrients into nutrients consumed by people动物有效地转化饲料营养成人类消耗的营养True or FalseFarm animals efficiently convert feed nutrients into nutrients consumed by people动物有效地转化饲料营养成人类消耗的营养A.TrueB.FalseIf a group of growing animals consumes 450 kgof diet and increases their body weight by 90 kg, what is their feed efficiency?If a group of growing animals consumes 450 kgof diet and increases their body weight by 90 kg, what is their feed efficiency?5.00Which is most likely to kill you?A.DiabetesB.CancerC.Heart DiseaseD.StrokeWhich is most likely to kill you?A.DiabetesB.CancerC.Heart DiseaseD.StrokeNutrientsNutrient ClassDistinguishing CharacteristicPrimary FunctionsWATERMINERALSMacro --Micro -- NutrientsNutrient ClassDistinguishing CharacteristicPrimary FunctionsPROTEINVITAMINSNutrientsNutrient ClassDistinguishing CharacteristicPrimary FunctionsLIPIDSCARBOHYDRATES“Average” Content of Farm Animal Diets (Dry Basis)NUTRIENT% in dietCHOProteinsLipidsMinVit“Average” Content of Farm Animal Diets (Dry Basis)NUTRIENT% in dietDry forages and grains are primarily?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsDry forages and grains are primarily?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsMajor way energy is stored in animalsA.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsMajor way energy is stored in animalsA.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsThese are subdivided into macro and mico categoriesA.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsThese are subdivided into macro and mico categoriesA.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsWhich will make up the least amount of animal diets?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsWhich will make up the least amount of animal diets?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsWhich has the highest N content?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsWhich has the highest N content?A.WaterB.CarbohydrateC.LipidsD.ProteinsE.MineralsF.VitaminsOverview of Feeding Farm AnimalsnFeed/Diet¨Water¨Protein¨Lipids¨Carbohydrates¨Minerals¨VitaminsNutrients to The tissuesFecesGases of FermentationDigestion Overview of Feeding Farm AnimalsnFeed/Diet¨Water¨Protein¨Lipids¨Carbohydrates¨Minerals¨VitaminsNutrients to The tissuesFecesGases of FermentationCO2 and H20Heat IncrementDigestion MetabolismOverview of Feeding Farm AnimalsnFeed/Diet¨Water¨Protein¨Lipids¨Carbohydrates¨Minerals¨VitaminsNutrients to The tissuesFecesGases of FermentationProductive Functions Growth-Beef, swine, meat goats Lactation—Dairy cows and goats Gestation—all species Work—Horses Fiber –sheep and Angora goats Maintenance—All speciesCO2 and H20Heat IncrementDigestion Metabolism$162,000Random Quiz 1nList at least 2 productive functions in the photo Random Quiz 1nList at least 2 productive functions in the photo How many productive functions are shownA.1B.2C.3D.4E.5Major Points on IntroductionnHow and what you feed animals has a big effect on profitnWhat you eat affects your health and life spannThe animal’s efficiency of converting feed to edible products is lownNutrients classes have different physical and chemical properties which determine their function in the bodynValue of a feed or food is based on the relative amounts of the different nutrients it containsnThe function of the animal determines the amount of each nutrient the animal needsnEnd of IntroductionWhy do we feed farm animalsnA. Make MoneynB. Feed PeoplenC. Enjoyable lifestylenD. Converts low quality feed into high quality foodHow many statements are CORECTA.1B.2C.3D.4Plants store energy as starch and lipidsAnimals store energy as glycogen and lipidsPlants are mostly carbohydrates on a dry basisAnimals are mostly lipids on a dry basisWhy do we feed farm animalsA.Make moneyB.Feed peopleC.Enjoyable lifestyleD.Converts low quality feed into high quality foodE.All of the aboveHow many of the statements below are true?A.1B.2C.3D.4E.5F.6Carbohydrates are the main nutrient in farm animal dietsLipids are a concentrated source of energyProteins are the third most abundant nutrient in farm animal dietsProteins, lipids, and water are the three most abundant nutrients in the animals bodyVitamins and trace minerals make up the least amount of farm animal dietsFarm animal diets are primarily plant basedCarbohydrates are the main nutrient in farm animal diets-TrueLipids are a concentrated source of energyTrueProteins are the third most abundant nutrient in farm animal diets-FalseProteins, lipids, and water are the three most abundant nutrients in the animals bodyTrueVitamins and trace minerals make up the least amount of farm animal dietsTrueFarm animal diets are primarily plant based True Grand Champion Houston 2009Loineye = 10.6 sq in10th rib backfat = 0.60 in % lean = 60.12Lean color = 3Lean firmness = 2Marbling = 1MET MINIMUM CARCASS QUALITY STANDARDS6th in carcass contest。