MEMS和纳米技术在医药行业的应用.ppt

Role of MEMS and nanotechnology in medical technologiesbhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu First of all, what is MEMS ?•MEMS stands for Micro Electro Mechanical Systems. •It is a technique of combining Electrical and Mechanical components together on a chip, to produce a system of miniature dimensions •By miniature, we mean dimensions less than the thickness of human hair !!!!bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu The wonder called nanotechnology•Nanotechnology is the technology of arranging atoms and molecules in a material. •This allows to alter the properties of a material and build structures of desired features. •A nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. •Nanotechnology makes it possible to manufacture devices 80,000 times smaller than the thickness of human hair !!bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu A simple analogy•The atoms in an object can be compared to the blocks in a building game.•In a building game, the blocks can be arranged to create different looking structures. •Similarly, atoms can be arranged differently to produce a multitude of devices. This forms the basis of nanotechnology. bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Benefits of MEMS and nanotechnology in medical applications•Small volume of reagent samples (like blood), required for analysis. •Low power consumption, hence lasts longer on the same battery. •Less invasive, hence less painful. •Integration permits a large number of systems to be built on a single chip. •Batch processing can lower costs significantly. •Existing IC technology can be used to make these devices. •Silicon, used in most MEMS devices, interferes lesser with body tissues.bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Can MEMS devices really replace the existing medical devices ?• A lot of MEMS medical devices have been developed that are much more sensitive and robust than their conventional counterparts.• Market trends for MEMS medical devices show a promising future ahead. bp_monitors3.htm bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Projected MEMS market share in 2006http://www.memsindustrygroup.org/industy_statistics.aspbhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Classification of biological MEMS devices•Biomedical MEMS – deals “in vivo”, within the host body. → precision surgery → Biotelemetry → Drug delivery → Biosensors and other physical sensors•Biotechnology MEMS – deals “in vitro”, with the biological samples obtained from the host body. → Diagnostics → gene sequencing → Drug discover → pathogen detectionbhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu MEMS Sensors MEMS sensors in the biomedical field maybe used as: • Critical sensors, used during operations. • Long term sensors for prosthetic devices. • Sensor arrays for rapid monitoring and diagnosis at home.bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu MEMS and nanotechnology in precision surgerybhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu MEMS and endoscopy•What is endoscopy ? •A diagnostic procedure which involves the introduction of a flexible device into the lower or upper gastrointestinal tract for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. •Conventional endoscopes •Can be used to view only the firstthird of the small intestine. •Require sedation of patient •Is an uncomfortable procedurehttp://www.surgical- Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu MEMS redefines endoscopy with “Lab on a Pill” Size : 35mm Components of lab on a pill •Digital camera (CMOS Technology) •Light source •Battery •Radio transmitter •Sensors (MEMS Technology)ü Requires no sedation ü Can show a view of the entire small intestine ü Can aid in early detection of colon cancerhttp://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~tbt/norchip2002.pdfhttp://www.spie.org/web/oer/august/aug00/cover2.htmlbhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Working of this magic pill !• The pill is intended to be swallowed like any normal pill. • Once within the body, the pill's sensors sample body fluids and pick up “meaningful patient data“ such as temperature, dissolved oxygen levels and pH. • The pill is expected to retrieve all data over a 12-hour period and disposed off, once excreted. • This data is transmitted wirelessly to a card attached to the wrist of the individual. bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu Micro-surgical tools • Present day surgeons operate within a domain restricted by the mobility and control of the surgical tools at hand. • MEMS surgical tools provide the flexibility and accuracy to perform precision surgery.bhansali@eng.usf.edu Bhansali bhansali@eng.usf.edu MEMS driven scalpels•Precise control of the scalpel is an important requirement in any surgery. •MEMS piezoelectric motor help to accurately position the scalpel. •MEMS pressure senso。