GRE阅读题型细节题解析---强对比取非题.docx

GRE阅读题型细节题解析---强对比取非题这类题的主要特点是，原文中有强比照的双方，题干只问及其中的一方，但是原文没有给出关于这方的表达，而说了这方的强比照另一方的特征，所以答案却是对另一方表达的取非强比照关系层次比拟多，例如，处于不同时间、历史时期、年月的事物通常其特点呈强比照；处于相对的地域、空间的事物通常其特点呈强比照；新事物、新观点和旧事物、传统观点呈强比照；用级、性限定的事物和其余全部同类事物的特征呈强比照等针对这类题目，在第一篇读文章的时候准时敏锐地发觉它们并在文中做好标记，为解题时回到文中定位做好充分地预备这些强比照消失地地方，通常会伴随着一些表示这类强比照关系的标志性词语，如unlike, in contrast to, be distinguished from, used to, new, current, once, until recently, only, unique, never……依据强比照层次的不同，大体上将其分为：简洁明示强比照、时间壮语强比照和优缺点强比照。

下面就此进展详细分析：1. 简洁明示强比照这类强比照属于一般的强比照，如文中说“A, unlike B; “C, in contrast to D, is…”等，这些都是明示强比照下面我们用一个例子来详细说明：Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them……The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to_____(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts分析：在原文中，并没有提到大企业投标失败会如何，但是文中提到了小企业的状况，标志性的词语是unlike large businesses, 这就说明文中进展了强比照，通过这句话，“since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them”，我们知道，小企业将会有财政和士气上的风险。

依据这样的比照关系，大企业的状况应当与小企业的状况相反，所以，正确答案应当是A. 即“大企业会有一些曲折，但是没有致命的财政影响”2. 时间壮语强比照题干中问A时间有什么特征，原文中没有明说，但给了A的强比照时间B的特征，将B的特点取非，即是A的特征通常状况下，在一篇文章开头，或者一个理论刚刚提出的时候，假如消失了时间壮语，则是出题率很高的一处语言点如，now, new, nowadays, current ideas…和过去形成强比照；once, until recently, past…和现在形成强比照假如给出一个不早不晚的明确时间，如in 1960’s，那么和它之前、之后比拟都有可能下面以举一个详细事例：In the early 1950’s, historians who studied pre-industrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the pre-industrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite: the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops, and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. ……One way out of this dilemma was to run to the records of legal courts, for here the voices of the non-elite can most often be heard, as witnesses, plaintiffs, and defendants. These documents have acted as “a point of entry into the mental world of the poor.” Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories, which have illuminated the attitudes of different social group (these attitudes include, but are not confined to, attitudes toward crime and the law) and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. ……The extraction of case histories is not, however, the only use to which court records may be put. Historians who study pre-industrial Europe have used the records to establish a series or categories of crime and to quantify indictments that were issued over a given number of years. ……The author suggests that, before the early 1950’s, most historians who studied pre-industrial Europe did which of the following?(A) failed to make distinctions among members of the pre-industrial European political and social elite(B) used investigatory methods that were almost exclusively statistical in nature(C) inaccurately estimated the influence of the pre-industrial European political and social elite(D) confined their work to a narrow range of the pre-industrial European population(E) tended to rely heavily on birth, marriage and death records分析：这篇文章在开头段就提到“50年月早期，讨论欧洲前工业时期历史的学者第一次开头大规模地讨论人口总数97％的一般人民群众”。

题目中所问的是在50年月之前的状况，这正与50年月的状况形成了强比照所以，正确答案应当是与50年月的状况相反的信息，在50年月，就有了将近97％的一般人民群众，说明这是一个很大的比率，将近100％那么，在50年月之前，可以确定的是没有50年月进步，所以，人数肯定比50年月要少，可能是很少的以局部这样，通过这样的强比照，我们可以确定答案A是正确的，即“50年月之前的学者将其讨论局限于前工业时期欧洲人口的一小局部”3. 优缺点强比照这类题的特点是，题干中假如问某事物、着作、人怎样会变得更好，但是在原文中没有给出明确的答复，而一般会有相反的内容，即：该事物、着作、人由于什么缘由现在还不够好这样，将其取非，就可以得到原题的答案这里需要留意一点，有时文章细节简单，被问到的事物缺点不止一个，那么肯定要找到题干所问内容的缺点，而不要被其他的缺点乱了思路下面再用一个例子取说明(仍旧是上一篇文章，这里就不重负文章内容了)：It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following?(A) the cause of unrest in the city during the two decades(B) the aggregate number of indictments in the city nearest to the city under investigation during the two decades(C) the num。