托福个性化模板(julie编辑打印版).doc

1模 板 素 材一、综合写作常用词汇：1、对材料的指称：①听力：the speakerthe lecturer the professor the listening material the lecture the talk ②阅读：the writer the author the reading material the writing the passage 2、表示要点间的关系的词和短语：①质疑、驳斥关系的词或短语：refute = rebut + n 驳倒, 反驳disprove + n 反驳, 证明... 为误deny + n 或 + that 否定，否认challenge sth. 或 challenge sb on sth置疑(…的正确性)question + n置疑(…的正确性或合理性)cast doubt on / raise doubt over + n 怀疑 doubt + n 或 + that 怀疑 oppose + n 反对 object to = disagree with + n 反对，不赞成 be opposing to / sb be opposed to 反对be against 反对be contrary 相反be opposite to 相反contradict + n 同...矛盾/抵触be contradictory to 同...矛盾/抵触conflict vi 抵触，有分歧A and B conflict 或者 A conflict with B be conflicting to 抵触，有分歧differ from + n 与.. 不同②支持、强化关系的词或短语：support + n 支持back + n 支持enhance + n 增强，强化strengthen + n 加强uphold + n 支持，维护justify + n 为…辩护，证明…的是正当的3、陈述材料内容的词和短语 ：according to the lecture (reading passage) adv. saytalk about + n discuss + nstate + that 说; 陈述remark + that 谈起，说believe + thatmake the point that + 从句take the position that + 从句propose + to do / + that 提议，主张maintain + that 主张，认为argue + that 争辩到, 认为indicate + that 表明，指出suggest + that 提出，表明mention + n 提及，说起note + n 或 + that 指出，说到claim + that 声称，断言2assert + that 断言, 声称（formal ）affirm + that 断言；肯定 （formal）contend + that 声称，主张 （formal）allege + that 宣称, 断言（formal ）put forward + n 提出point out + that 指出conclude + that 断定4、表示转折关系的词和短语：①adv. in contrast / on the contrary / on the other hand②conj. while / whereas / although 5、表示转承的词和短语：①first, first of all, the first reason / point ②second, furthermore, moreover, besides, what is more, in addition, another reason / point③third, finally, in the end 6、其他有用的词汇：basis n. 根据grounds n. 理由，原因 evidence n. 证据proof n. 证据groundless adj. 无根据的，无依据的unwarranted adj. 无根据的，不敢保证的incorrect adj. 不正确的improper adj. 不合适的，不恰当的inappropriate adj. 不合宜的，不适当的incomplete adj. 不完全的，不完整的exemplify + n 举例说明illustrate + n / + that 举例说明cast light on 使…显现given that… 考虑到in that … 由于, 因为regarding prep. 关于concerning prep. 关于with regard / respect to prep. 关于二、综合写作黄金句型：1、首段（稍作转换亦可用于中间段） The lecture…, which … the main idea in the reading that … The professor … . On the contrary / in contrast / however, the writer … a different / contradictory / opposing idea that …  Contrary to / opposed to the belief / idea / point in the passage that …, the professor … that … The professor … the viewpoint showed / suggested / indicated / mentioned / discussed / stated in the passage that … by saying that … The evidence / proof / points / opinion given / provided / stated in the passage is groundless / unwarranted / somewhat inappropriate / inaccurate when compared to what is …ed in the lecture. The lecture …2、中间段  The professor made the point that … The reading, in contrast, held a …view by saying that … As regards to / in terms of …, the listening material …the reading material. … Another important point …in the reading material is that … but the listening presents a conflicting / contradictory / opposing / negative / opposite idea that ….  The second / third point / reason / evidence …in the reading passage is that… . Contrary to it is the professor’s …that … Not as the passage puts it / Unlike … in the passage,, the lecturer ... The passage …but it is not the case in the lecture. The professor … The passage… while the lecture… . This was another part where (the … of) the lecture … (the … in ) the passage (that…).  Finally, the professor …. that … , which … the standpoint made by the writer who said that …3三、综合写作句型集1、表示要点间的关系The lecturer totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.The speaker completely denies the idea made in the passage.The professor entirely challenges the statement made by the author.This directly contradicts what the passage indicates., which directly denies what the author states.This directly challenges what the reading passage believes.In the lecture, the speaker has totally differentideas on the topic made in the reading.In the lecture the professor has completely different ideas on the topic made in the passageIn the listening the lecturer has entirely different ideas on the topicmade in the reading passage1、表示要点内容和要点间的关系Reading Points … while Listening Points …The reading passage contends that…，but, however the lecturer argues that ….According to the reading passage, … ; on the other handthe professor in the listening argues that…In the reading passage, the author believes that … ; in contrastthe lecturer holds the opposite opinion and believe that…Contrary to the point in the reading that…, The speaker states that…Different from the opinion in the reading that … The professor in the lecture argues that…In the listening, the professor says that…This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because …the speaker in the listening argues that…This point disagrees with statement demonstrated in the reading that…According to the lecturer, … ，which refutes the point that … in the reading.The lectu。