初中英语名词考点+单复数专项训练+易错题.docx

1名词语法基本框架名词的数1. 规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,  wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2. 不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team,   public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜)7表示“某国人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成名词将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants名词的所有格名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。

所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西1. ’s 所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加’sthe boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,不规则复数名词后加’sthe children’s toys, women’s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’sJapan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’sJapan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s2. ’s 所有格的用法：１表示时间today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday2表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches3表示国家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry4表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory5表示度量衡及价值a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life’s time, the play’s plot7某些固定词组a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw3. of 所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed名词单复数的判断1.如何判定是可数名词还是不可数名词①可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，如：desk，desks；②可数名词前面可以被基数词，不定冠词（a/an），many修饰，如：three boys，an apple, many students。

2.如何判定是不可数名词①不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea，meat；②不可数名词，若表示数量，可用量词加不可数名词，如：a piece of paper,  two cups of tea3. 常见的名词修饰词①只修饰可数名词的修饰语few 几乎没有a few 有几个several 有几个many 很多a couple of 两个a number of 若干a great/large number of 许多②只修饰不可数名词的修饰语little很少，几乎没有a little有一点儿much很多a good/great deal of很多a bit of有一点儿a large amount of大量的③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语some 一些a lot of 很多lots of 很多plenty of 充足的enough 足够的most 大多数的hardly any 几乎没有the rest of 剩下的名词拓展1.voice, noise, soundvoice指人的说话声或唱歌声,指人的“嗓音”;noise是“吵闹声、噪音”,指不悦耳的声音;sound指自然界中的任何声音。

2.work与jobwork是不可数名词,指需花费体力和脑力的工作;job是可数名词,多指“零工”或“短工”例:a part-time job一份兼职工作;out of work 失业3.family, home, housefamily强调整体,指“家、家庭”时,谓语动词用单数;强调个人,指“家庭成员”时,谓语动词用复数;不用于指住房home强调家的概念,指人们生活居住的地方,也指出生的国家或城市;house意为“房屋、住宅”,侧重房屋本身例:My family is a big family.我家是个大家庭强调整体)All my family were watching TV when Tom came in.(强调家庭成员)汤姆进来时,我们全家人都在看电视Tom considers Beijing to be his second home.汤姆把北京视为他的第二故乡I bought a house with a big garden two years ago.两年前我买了个带大花园的房子4.place,room和spaceplace意为“地点、地方”,为可数名词,指某一具体地点。

room作“房间”讲,是可数名词;作“空间”讲,是不可数名词,指供某物、某人或某个活动使用的空间space空间,表示万物存在之处,与time(时间)为相对概念2名词语境辨析1.Ms. Liu gave us some useful _____ on how to prepare for the exam. They really helped me a lot.    A. advantages    B. expressions    C. suggestions    D. experiences【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析句意为：刘老师给了我们一些关于如何准备考试的有用的____它们真的帮助了我许多advantages优点; expressions表达;suggestions建议;experiences经历此处指有用的建议，故选C2.Many high school students want to go abroad for further _____.      A. surprise          B. achievement       C. education       D. satisfaction【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

句意：许多高中生想去国外接受进一步的____surprise惊喜，惊讶;achievement成就;education教育; satisfaction满意结合句意可知此处是指去国外深造3.Peter didn’t tell his parents that he would go home because he wanted to give them a _____.      A. note    B. surprise    C. call    D. gift【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义。