高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解.doc

非谓语动词 概述非谓语动词，主要指在主句中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的词非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化 非谓语动词的三种形式非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词名称 形式 用法不定式 to do 表目的、将来动名词 doing 表主动及现在分词 done 表被动及过去这三个基本形式的基础上会有一些变化：1. 动词不定式时态 构成 被动形式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done--------2. 动名词动名词 主动 被动一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done3. 分词动词不定式的用法4. 动词不定式的否定式 not toShe decided not to be late again.5. 动词不定式的完成式：完成式表示的动作或状态发生在位于动词表示的动作或状态之前I am sorry to have kept you waiting.注意 若谓语为表示“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时，如 hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, intend 等，其后可以跟不定式的完成式表示“本来想要或打算做某事，而实际上未能实现” 。

如：We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.6. 在 It is/was + 形容词+不定式的复合结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为 of 前面常用的形容词有：kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong 等7. 在某些动词后， 可用 it 做形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的并于常见的动词有 find, think consider, feel, make 等They find it difficult to repay the money.8. 动词+不定式作宾补ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach 等。

9. 只能用动词+不定式作宾语口诀 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮decide/ determine, learn, want, expert/hope/with，refuse, manage, care, pretend，order, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help10. 在使役动词 make, have, let 和感官动词 see, watch, notice, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带 to，表示做某事的全过程当他们转换成被动语态时，作为主语补足语的不定式必须带 to　（五看三使两听一感觉一发现）Nobody saw him come in./ She was seen to enter the room last night.注意　get 也能当使役动词，表示“使、让、叫”之意，相当于 have，但两者也有所不同have sb. do sth.get sb to do sth.使/让/叫某人去做某事have sth. done = get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事 get sb./ sth.dong 使某人/物开始行动起来You’d better have/get your hair cut.He managed to get the horse running.11. 在动词 help 后，做宾补和宾语的不定式符号 to 带不带都可以。

如;He helped her walk across the street.He often helps do some housework at home.12. think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find, imagine, prove 等动词的英语后可与带 to be 结构，也可与省略 如果不定式的动作发生在位于动词以前，常用不定式的完成式另外，这些动词也常用作被动语态后接不定式作主补He found the answer (to be) satisfactory.We considered him to have acted excellently.13. 当名词被 first, last, second 以及 only 等词修饰时，其后可用不定式作定语且充当定语的不定式不含有将来意义或情态意义，却经常含有过去时意义She was the first to come.14. 在下列固定词组或短语之后要跟不带 to 的不定式had better… had best… would rather…(than…)would sooner…than… cannot help but cannot butcannot choose but.. may/might as well… do no more than…12. wh-连接代词、副词后跟不定式构成的短语，可在句子中做主语、宾语、表语，还可以做定语。

（why 和 if 后不能直接跟动词不定式）它的作用相当于一个名词性从句，通常在某些动词(如 tell, know, imagine, learn, decided, forget, remember, consider, understand 等)后面做宾语，有时也用作主语、表语、同位语等如：　　He didn’t know how to answer her.　　When to start has not been decided.　　Would you please advise me which to buy?　　　　注意：按英语习惯，疑问词 why 后面通常不接不定式但在以 why 或 why not 开头的省略型疑问句中，其后可跟不带 to 的不定式如：　　Why get upset just because you got a bad mark?　You are looking tired. Why not take a holiday?　13.like（would like）, love（would love）, hope, hate, need, try, want, wish, plan, mean 等动词后，used to, be going to 结构，be glad, be willing, be happy 等词语后 + to，代替整个不定式内容。

Would you like to go to the cinema? -- I’d love to.14. 在介词 but, except, besides, than, save 等表示“除了…”之意的词前， 若有 实义动词 do 时，常用无 to 的不定式作其介词的宾语，若无实义动词 do，则用带to 的动词不定式He had no choice but to give in.15. 评论性动词不定式：有些不定式常用来表示说话人对所谈的内容的态度和看法，即对句内容的评论，故称为评论性动词不定式，也称独立不定式综合：so to speak 可以说，可谓 to be exact 精确地说to be sure 无可否认，诚然 to make things(matters) worseThe dog is, so to speak, a member of the family.He’s in his mid-fifties; well, fifty-six to be exact.表真诚：to be fair to be (perfectly) frankto be honest to do sb justice to tell (you) the truth表总结：to be brief to conclude to sum upto cut/make a long story short表让步: not to mention to say nothing of to put it mildlyto put it another way to say the least 不夸张的说表顺序：to begin with to start with16. 不定式的主动形式表示被动意义1) 不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，并且不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

I have two letters to answer.2) 有些结构中，不定式表达被动意义，却用主动形式，因为可以在句子中找到不定式这个动作的发出者Give her some books to read.注意：用做定语的不定式为“动词+介词”时，介词不能省略如：a nice place to live in3) 某些动词的不定式与 be 连用时，常见的有 to blame，to rent 等如：He is to blame for not driving carefully. 动名词的用法1. 动名词的否定式 not+动名词2. 动名词的完成式：完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前He was praised for having done a good deed.3. 动词+介词构成的短语，其后跟动名词做宾语be/get used to feel likeinsist ondevote…to…put offlook forward tosucceed inget down toset aboutgive up只能用动名词做宾语的动词 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。

4. 可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能a waiting car a waiting rooma sleeping boy a sleeping bag5. 动名词的复合结构：由形容词性的物主代词/名词所有格+动名词构=动名词的复合结构，在句子中可。