动词不定时用法.docx

动词不定式的用法在初中时，我们就学过动词不定式，现就其用法归纳如下 动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It is＋adj./ n. (＋for sb.／sth.) ＋ to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有： easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising 等例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job.It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例 1： Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET)A. now B. man C. that D.__t用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame,pleasure, one's duty, one'sjob, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。

例如： What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old.2. It is＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever 等例如： How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！3. It takes sb.＋some time＋to do sth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike.二、 作表语动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is...及The next step/ measure is…等。

例如： Your job is to type the papers in the office. The next measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、 作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, expect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等 例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities. She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将 真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work. She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、 作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。

例如：The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think 等动词后可 接 to be 型不定式作宾补例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷hope, demand, suggest 等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补例如：【误】I hope my son to be back soon. 【正】I hope my son will be back soon.【误】 She suggests us to have a discussion about it. 【正】 She advises us to have a discussion about it.【正】 She suggests that we （should） have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to： “五看”（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）“三使"（make, let, have） “两听”（hear, listen to） “一感觉”（feel）。

例如：Who made him work all night long?但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to例如：He was seen to break the window.五、 作定语动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语例如：Have you got anything to eat? （to eat 修饰 anything，位于其后）下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等 例如： But she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night?六、 作状语动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件例如：1. We went there to see our grandparents.（目的）2）A group of young people got together to（in order to / so as to） discuss this question. 3. I am very sorry to hear that.（原因）She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果）作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。

例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, too…to…，so・・・as to, such等结a构to例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus. She was in such a hurry as not to notice me.七、 带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等这种结构起名词的作用，在句 子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to如：1•用作句子的成分1）I don' t know what to try next.（作宾语）2）Where to go is not decided yet•（作 主语）2. 单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句1）What to do next?（=What will we / you do next?）2）Why go there?（=Why do we / you go there?） 八、后面加动名词与不定式时语义不同的1、 stop to do 停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。

stop doing 停止做某事2、 forget to do 忘记要去做某事 （未做） forget doing 忘记做过某事 （已做）3、 remember to do 记得去做某事 （未做） remember doing 记得做过某事 （已做）4、 regret to do 对要做的事遗憾 （未做） regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔 （已做）6、 try to do 努力，企图做某事 try doing 试验，试着做某事7、 go on to do 做了一件事后，接着做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来做的事8、mean to do 打算、想 mean doing 意味着一、 动词不定式作主语 1. It's our duty the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans （甘肃省）2. It's hard for us English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning （江西省）3. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。

It will the workers over a year the flyover.（北京市海淀区）4. It's very nice you to get me two tickets the World Cup.A. for, of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to （安徽省）二、 动词不定式作宾语1. He wants some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys （山西省）2. Do。