Great-seientists-Learning-about-Language学案人教版(必修5).doc
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Period Two Learning about LanguageGrammar：The Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative过去分词作表语和定语1．过去分词作定语(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，有时也放在被修饰的名词之后My friend is a returned student.我的朋友是个归国的留学生The excited people rushed into the hall.激动的人们冲进大厅There is no time left.没有多少时间了2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句The student dressed in white is my daughter.＝The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿Is there anything planned for tonight?＝Is there anything that has been planned for tonight?今晚安排了什么活动没有？The book，written in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners.＝The book，which was written in 1957，tells the struggle of the miners.这本书是1957年写的，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。
过去分词作定语与所修饰词之间存在两种意义关系：一是及物动词表被动意义(或已完成的被动动作)；二是不及物动词表示完成意义an organized trip有组织的旅行(被动)The question discussed was very important.被讨论的问题非常重要即表被动又表完成)boiled water开水(完成)fallen leaves落叶(完成)2．过去分词作表语过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态(用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化)这种结构从形式上看与被动语态相同，但后者表示主语所承受的动作He is very tired after a long walk.走了很长的路，他感到很累系表结构)This window is broken.这个窗户破了系表结构)This window was broken by the naughty boy there.这个窗户是被那边那个顽皮的男孩打破的被动语态)3．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：现在分词作定语表示主动意义，过去分词作定语一般表示被动含义现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行，过去分词作定语表示状态或动作已完成The child standing over there is my brother.站在那儿的男孩是我弟弟。
The room facing south is our classroom.朝南的房间是我们的教室He is an advanced teacher.他是位高级教师4．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别：v．ing形式表示“令人……的”，多用来修饰物；v.ed形式表示“某人感到……的”，多用来修饰人The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣He is very interested in the book.他对这本书很感兴趣This is a moving story.这是一个感人的故事We were deeply moved by the story.我们被这个故事深深地打动了The news is very exciting.这消息太激动人心了I was excited at the news.听到这个消息我很激动注意：(1)v.ing形式也可以修饰人，v.ed形式也可以修饰物，要根据句意选择适当的形式the worried expression忧虑的表情the disappointing boy令人失望的孩子(2)英语中一些表示心理变化的动词，其中v.ing和v.ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作定语或表语，常用的这类词有：Ⅰ.单项填空1．—Can those________at the back of the classroom hear me?—No problem. A．seat B．sit C．seated D．sat答案 C解析 “________at the back of the classroom”为分词短语作定语。
sit为不及物动词，可用sitting...作定语；seat为及物动词，常与反身代词连用或用be seated形式这里seat 与those构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作定语2．We finished the run in less than half the time ________.A．allowing B．to allowC．allowed D．allows答案 C解析 句意为：我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了time后缺少定语，“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词形式3．Please remain ________；the winner of the prize will be announced soon.A．seating B．seatedC．to seat D．to be seated答案 B解析 句意为：请在座位上坐着；很快就会宣布获奖者seat是及物动词，remain/be seated保持坐着的状态，坐着4．The trees ________ in the storm have been moved off the road.A．being blown down B．blown downC．blowing down D．to blow down答案 B解析 句意为：在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被从道路上移走了。
树木”的后面缺少定语，因为blow down与trees之间是动宾关系，且是已经完成的动作，故用过去分词短语blown down5．It is one of the funniest things________on the Internet so far this year.A．finding B．being foundC．to find D．found答案 D解析 found此处为过去分词作后置定语，用来修饰things，与things构成被动关系句意为：这是今年到目前为止在因特网上发现的最滑稽的事情之一6．The Town Hall________in the 1880’s was the most distinguished building at that time.A．to be completed B．having been completedC completed D．being completed答案 C解析 completed in the 1880’s为过去分词短语作定语修饰the Town Hall，二者之间为被动关系；D项表示动作正在发生，不合题意；B项不能作限制性的定语。
7．At the beginning of class，the noise of desks________could be heard outside the classroom.A．opened and closed B．to be opened and closedC．being opened and closed D．to open and close答案 C解析 本题考查非谓语动词作定语过去分词作定语表完成、被动；不定式作定语表将来；现在分词作定语表示正在进行句意为：开始上课时，在教室外面就能听到开关课桌的声音此处表示开关课桌的动作正在进行，因此用现在分词作定语8．The________dishes lay on the floor.A．breaking B．brokenC．broke D．break答案 B解析 本题考查非谓语动词作定语句意为：那些打碎了的盘子在地上9．It was such a________job that I really felt________.A．tiring；tiring B．tired；tiredC．tiring；tired D．tired；tiring答案 C解析 tiring使人疲劳的，令人厌倦的；tired疲劳的，累的。
10．There’s a big dog________to a fence outside the house.A．tying B．tied C．to tie D．ties答案 B解析 本题考查分词作定语，tie“拴，系”和修饰的词dog之间有被动关系，故选tied句意为：有一条狗拴在房子外面的篱笆上11．His ability________in those years was praised by all of us.A．showing B．be showingC．shown D．was shown答案 C解析 句意为：这几年他表现出来的能力让所有的人赞叹因为show和his ability之间是动宾关系，故用shown12．He seemed quite________at the idea.A．pleasing B．pleasedC．please D．pleasant答案 B解析 pleased感到高兴的；pleasing令人高兴的；pleasant令人愉快的，舒适的，合意的，故选B项13．The boy________by the police has no parents.A．questioned B．has been questionedC．having been questioned D．questioning答案 A解析 句意为：被警察盘问的那个孩子没有父母。
question与the boy是动宾关系，故选A项14．From the date________on the gold coin，we decided it was made 600 years ago.A．marking B．markedC．to be marked D．being marked答案 B解析 句意为：从金币上所标的日期看，我们断定它是600年前制造的the date和mark之间是动宾关系，故选B项15．The girl________down by a car was dying.A．knock B．knockingC．knocked D．to knock答案 C解析 句意为：被车撞的那个女孩快要死了the girl和knock之间动宾关系，故选C项16．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_。
