基础英语2部分paraphrase.ppt

"I hope you make a lot of it," I told him, "because you're going to be badly stuck for something to do when you're not signing checks." be stuck for sth: not to know what to do in a particular situation 不知所措Paraphrasing：(If you don't’ have any other goal in life apart from making money,) you will have nothing interesting and meaningful to do when you are not paying for your shopping.U1Text AnalysisYou are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage, the push-button Neanderthal [ni‘ændətɑ:l] 穴居人穴居人. (para.9)new type of humans who are primitive ['prɪmɪtɪv] 原始的原始的 and uncivilized although they can work machinesParaphrasing: You will become an uneducated person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment, not knowing anything about literature, philosophy, history, or art.It would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history. (para. 2) Paraphrasing: The B. S. certificate would be officialproof that the holder had special knowledge ofpharmacy, and it would also be proof that he had beenput in touch with some profound ideas of the past. To be official proofConcentrate one’s effort in a special activity or fieldPut in touch withI could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasn’t going to be around long enough for it to matter. (para. 3) Paraphrasing: I didn’t actually say all this to him, because Ididn’t think he would stay at college/in my class very long,so it wouldn’t be very important whether or not he knewwhat university education was for. Around where? You’re going to be badly stuck for something to do when you are not signing checks. (Para. 8) Pay for thingsUnable to find•Our colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms, but it cannot be said that they went to college; rather the college went through them—without making contact. (para.9) Paraphrasing: Our colleges always produce such people who canoperate machines but who cannot think. We cannot help that. Butwe can’t say that these people have received a proper collegeeducation. It is more accurate to say that these college years havejust passed them by without leaving anything on them.•There is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. (Para.10)Paraphrasing: To become a civilized person, you need to know many things, and you cannot find out everything by yourself, because your life is too short. The faculty, by its very existence, says implicitly: “We have been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience.” (Para. 14) Paraphrasing: We need the faculty because these teachers have a lot of human experience to pass on to young students, and they are able to do so because they have been helped by many people and many books in the past. U2“Yes, different,” he snapped, angry with her resorting to this trick of repeating his words so that they sounded hypocritical. (Para. 16) spoke abruptly and sharplygo to 4to turn to the help of the trick adjective phrase as subject complementappositive structure linked by “of”While he was at it, he decided, he might as well mop the floor. (Para. 42) go to 5had betterhe was doing the dishesHe thought the years they had spent together, and how close they were, and how well they knew each other, and his throat tightened so that he could hardly breathe. (Para. 43)“as a result” introducing an adverbial clause of resultobjective clauses of “thought”The end of Sentence Paraphrase. U3 And the sun means business…(para.2) Mean business: (infml) to want very much to achieve something, even if other people disagree with you; be serious about sth. you have to doParaphrasing: The sun shines more brightly and it’s getting warmer. I’m not sure why I do this beyond the saving in fertilizer and my unwillingness to aid the weeds. (para.5)Beyond: except (in negative sentences)Paraphrase: I don’t know why I only use very little fertilizer; maybe I don’t want to spend too much on fertilizer, or maybe I don’t want the weeds to thrive on fertilizer. But certainly there are more reasons. She is an outspoken, truthful woman, or she was until she learned better. (para.8)Learn better: learn that it is not wise or moral to do sth. Cf. know better (than to do sth.): to be wise or moral enough not to do sth.很懂得(而不至于…)；不至于蠢到… Paraphrasing: She used to be a woman who spoke her mind and who was always straightforward in her speech, but now she has learned from experiences that it is not wise to do so. In some pocket of the mind there might even be the tendency to change this vision into a personal assurance that all this healthy growth, this orderliness and thrusting life must somehow reflect movements in one’s own spirit. (para.9) Paraphrasing: In some small corner of the mind, I am even inclined to believe that such beautiful view of the garden can be transformed into a spiritual certainty; I feel certain that just like this well-organized and arranged garden and the life and vitality of everything growing in it, my spirit is equally active as well as in order. A garden in an extension of oneself – or selves – and so it has to be an arena where striving does not cease, but continues by other means. (para. 10) Paraphrasing: A garden is like your second self, or a projection of yourself in nature; whatever you do in real life continues in your garden. So a garden must be a state where your effort for achievements never stops, but carries on in different ways. Only the gardener is capable of reviving so much hope that this year, regardless of drought, flood, typhoon, or his own stupidity, this year he is going to do it right! (para.11) Paraphrasing: Only the gardener can become hopeful after repeated failures and believe that this year he is going to have a good harvest, even though there might be disasters like drought, flood, typhoon, and even though he himself is foolish. Leave it to God to have picked the proper occupation for the only creature capable of such self-delusion. (para. 11) Leave it to sb. to do sth.: to allow someone to make a choice or decision about something, or to make someone responsible for something Paraphrasing: God has done His job properly and chosen the right occupation for mankind, because only man can “deceive” themselves willingly, only man can regain hope after repeated failures, believing in new and better possibilities. U4•And there was the aesthetic clash as well—blue-and-green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks of ice in a black river. (para. 1) •aesthetic clash Paraphrasing: When the air crash occurred, it was not just a clash of metal against the bridge, but also a clash between colors: the blue-green color of the plane and the gray and black color of the ice and river, which did not look good. •Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. (para.1) –The city of form and rules: the city that is neat整洁的 and beautiful. (Washington was the first carefully planned city in the world with parallel streets cut by diagonal [daɪ'æɡənl] avenues. Its design was considered a masterpiece. )–Turn chaotic: become chaotic; be thrown into terrible confusion.–A blast of real winter: a sudden strong really cold wind.一场突如其来的寒风–Slap: a quick blow with something flat. 拍击•Skutnik added that "somebody had to go in the water", delivering every hero's line that is no less admirable for being repeated. Paraphrasing: ... saying something every hero has said before, but although it has been said again and again, it is still admirable when we hear it. • The fact that he went unidentified gave him a universal character. (para. 4) Paraphrasing: People did not know who he was. This made him a kind of symbol, a symbol of human courage. ügo + subject complement (adj. ed-participle, ing-participle, prep. phrase): to remain in a state of…–All my letters went unanswered.–He hoped that his nervousness would go unnoticed.ØTrans: 由于社会资源有限，很多犯罪都没有得到惩罚。

üDue to limited social resources, many crimes have gone unpunished. •7. Yet there was something else about our man that kept our thoughts on him, and which keeps our thoughts on him still. He was there, in the essential, classic circumstance. Para Paraphrasing: What happened that day was a typical situation in which nature and man fought each other. And when nature begins to show its power, you always find man fighting back. He is always there. We can always expect to find such a hero.•... delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated. (para. 3) Paraphrasing: ... saying something every hero has said before, but although it has been said again and again, it is still admirable when we hear it. • This man was described… as appearing alert and in control.(para. 4) Paraphrasing: This man was described as a person who appeared to be able to think quickly and clearly; calm and with perfect presence of mind. •Still, he could never have imagined such a capacity in himself. (para. 5) Paraphrasing: However, it was impossible for him to know that he would be capable of such heroism. What the man did was the natural response to the critical situation.•For at some moment in the water he must have realized that he would not live if he continued to hand over the rope and ring to others. He had to know it, no matter how slow the effect of the cold. (para. 6) Paraphrasing: He did not pass on his rings to others with a total unawareness of the consequences. At some point he must have known that he was freezing to death and would go under any moment. But he still gave the chance of survival to the next person.•He was there, in the essential, classic circumstance. (para.7) Paraphrasing: What happened that day was a typical situation in which nature and man fought each other. And when nature begins to show its power, you always find man fighting back. He is always there. We can always expect to find such a hero.•Yet whatever moved these men to challenge death on behalf of their fellows is not peculiar to them. Everyone feels the possibility in himself. (para.8) Paraphrasing: Yet whatever made these men or gave them the power to challenge death for others is not unique. Indeed, every one of us has the potential to be a hero. strong, sudden movement of windWith a sharp and loud noise, Washington, the neatly well-designed city of order was thrown into a terrible confusion.apposition phrase并列短语 go to 2a sharp, loud and forceful strike of the plane and the bridge, stressing what met the ear Washington, the city of form and rules, turned chaotic by a blast of real winter and a single slap of metal on metal. (Para. 1) disordered state of unformed thingsAnd there was the aesthetic clash as well—blue and green Air Florida, the name of a flying garden, sunk down among gray chunks of ice in a black river. (Para. 1)appositiongo to 3The clash was also a clash of colours, a horrible eye-catching scene. combination of colours which gave an artistic effect on the horrible scene, stressing what met the eyeLast Wednesday the elements, indifferent as ever, brought down Flight 90. And on that same afternoon human nature—groping and struggling—rose to the occasion. (Para. 2)Last Wednesday, the bad weather, unconcerned about the consequences it might bring about as always, made Flight 90 fall down. On that same afternoon, human nature, groping for the flotation rings and struggling in the icy water, came to prove its greatness displayed in an unexpected tragedy.made the plane fall downgo to 4unconcern about the consequences as alwayswas able to deal with an unexpected problem, a difficult taskOf the four acknowledged heroes of the event, three are able to account for their behavior. (Para. 3)go to 5Only three out of these four heroes lived to tell people what they actually had done and how they had rescued the five survivors.On television, side by side, they described their courage as all in the line of duty. (Para. 3)as part of one’s dutyIt’s their duty to be courageous enough to rescue people in the water.go to 6Skutnik added that “somebody had to go into the water”, delivering every hero’s line that is no less admirable for being repeated. (Para. 3)Skutnik gave a remark that has been said before by many people in similar situations, but it is still admirable.go to 7making every hero’s remarkequallyas a result ofBut the person most responsible for the emotional impact of the disaster is the one known first as “the man in the water”. (Para. 4) being the cause for go to 8His selfishness was one reason the story held national attention; his anonymity another. (Para. 4)go to 9Parallel structure For a while he was Everyman, and thus proof (as if one needed it) that no one is ordinary. (Para. 4) Everyman, the name of a 15th-century English moral play about death and fate of man’s soul, generally regarded as the best moral playThe anonymous man really represents the best of human nature. What he did was not the act of a supernatural being, but the act of an ordinary person.go to 10He was there, in the essential, classic circumstance. (Para. 7)go to 11most important traditional or long established What happened that day was a typical situation in which natural forces and man fought against each other. And when elements begin to show their power, you always find man who will fight back. He is always there. We can always expect to find such a hero.So the age-old battle began again in the Potomac. For as long as man could last, they went at each other, nature and man. (Para. 7)go to 12foughtthe traditional idea that human civilization is a record of man’s gradual conquest of nature… the one making no distinctions of good and evil, acting on no principles, offering no lifelines; the other acting wholly on distinctions, principles and, perhaps, on faith. (Para. 7)Man, on the other hand, has his moral standards of what is right and wrong. He must behave according to the moral principles and beliefs.go to 13Nature has no moral standards. It works on no human principles. It cares nothing about the individual life of man.In reality, we believe the opposite, and it takes the act of the man in the water to remind us of our true feelings in this matter. (Para. 8)go to 14Actually, the death of the man did not mean that human beings had lost the battle. In a moral sense, man had won because man’s courage to defy death was also a tremendous power. Therefore, what happened to this man in the water should fill us with pride rather than sadness.The man in the water set himself against an immovable, impersonal enemy; he fought it with kindness; and he held it to a standoff. He was the best we can do. (Para. 9)nature, which is indifferent and cannot be persuaded to change its attitude towards mana situation in which neither side in a battle can gain an advantageto make sb. start to fight withThe end of Sentence Paraphrase. U6In the deep woods that verged against our back fence, a network of paths led almost everywhere, and pheasants rocketed off into the dense laurels ahead as you walked. (para.2)üverge against: to be close to; to be at the edge or border of (This is a rare expression)üa network of: a system of lines, wires, roads, etc that cross each other and are connected to each other ü… and pheasants rocketed off: … and pheasants took off like rockets. Loving nature, however, I was most delighted by the endless patchwork of farms and woodland that surrounded our house. (para.2)üLoving nature, however : as (because) I loved nature …üa patchwork of farms (fields): farms that look like small pieces of cloth of different colors when seen from far aboveBeing a few minutes late, he was dismissed.Having been criticized, he made up his mind to improve his work thoroughly.Keeping to myself was my way of not forming attachments that I would only have to abandon the next time we moved. (para.3) Paraphrasing: I did not try to make many friends because in that way I did not have to give up my friendship the next time I had to move. I started hiking there …, up a long, sloping hillto an almost impenetrable stand of trees calledBear Wood. (para.4)üan … impenetrable stand of trees: trees growing so thick that they are impossible to go through or enter into.üstand: a group of trees growing in a given areaüimpenetrable: derived from “penetrate” My own breathing rang in my ears, and the slightest stirring of any woodland creature echoed through this private paradise. (para.4) Paraphrasing: I could even hear my own breathing, and even the lightest movement of any bird or animal in the wood could be heard throughout this paradise. Soon I saw a small brick cottage that glowed pinkly in the westering sun. (para.18)Paraphrasing: Soon I saw a small brick cottage shining with a pink color in the sun that was moving toward the west.Then, recovering quickly, she gave a welcoming smile that instantly put me at ease. (para.6) put sb at ease: to make sb. feel relaxed“Yes, they’re wary,” she said. “But then, gamekeepers have been shooting them ever since they got here. They’re introduced, you know, not native.” (para.11)üwary: careful, cautious, watchful, suspicious, alertügamekeeper: someone whose job is to look after birds and animalsüthat are kept to be hunted on private land. Notice the use of theüword “game” to refer to theanimals, birds, and fish that are hunted üfor food or as asport.übe introduced: to be brought into this place from somewhere elseüfor the first timeText Analysis… and my well of knowledge about natural history began to brim over. At school, I earned the nickname “Prof” … (para.24)Notice the figurative use of the word “well” and the exaggeration of having knowledge “brimming over”.Familiarity sometimes makes people physically invisible, for you find yourself talking to the heart—to the essence, as it were, rather than to the face. (para.26)Paraphrasing: When people get to know each other really well, sometimes they don’t notice physical changes. The boy did not see that his friend, the old lady, was getting weaker and weaker because all the time he was talking to her heart, rather to her face. My mother was regarding me with a strange gentleness (para.29)Paraphrasing: My mother was looking at me with a strange gentleness because she wanted to break the sad news gently so that I would not take it too hard. I could tell she was having difficulty. (para.30) Paraphrasing: I could see that she was having difficulty finding a suitable way to break the news. • It is a wisdom tutored by nature itself, about the seen and the unseen, about things that change and things that are changeless, and about the fact that no matter how seemingly different two souls may be, they possess the potential for that most precious, rare thing – an enduring and rewarding friendship.(para.37) Paraphrasing: I have acquired a lot of knowledge taught by nature itself, about the things that I can see, such as the birds, insects, trees, and flowers, and about things that I cannot see like those natural and scientific laws and principles. I have also learned about things that change, including life itself, as well as things that are changeless like friendship, love and many other basic values. In addition to all these, I have learned another important fact that no matter how seemingly different two persons are, it is still possible for them to develop long-lasting and valuable friendship which is precious and rare to all people in the world. U10A good imagination is all you need to restore it to activity. (para. 7)Paraphrasing: If you have a good imagination you will be able to imagine what was going on － the sights, sounds, smells and activities of a busy, prosperous Roman town.Beneath the protecting shroud of ash, the city lay intact. (para 5.)Paragraphing: The city remained as it had beenbefore the eruption. It had been protected bythe thick layer of ash that buried the city deep.Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and the smoke,rushed up one street and down the next, trampling thefallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safety. (para. 17) Paragraphing: People panicked. They rushed into thestreets to escape the falling buildings. It was dark and theair was full of smoke so they could not see where theyare going. They rushed up one street and down the nextin a hopeless attempt to reach safety. In their blind rushthey ran over the bodies of people who had fallen down.The sound of the explosion died away, but it stillreverberated in everyone’s ears. (para. 13)Paragraphing: Even when the loud sound stopped,people did not recover from the shock.U13...he was years ahead of H.G.Wells,Conan Doyle, and the other great visualizes of things to come.(para.6)Paraphrasing: …he forsaw many future inventions years before other science fiction writers such as H. G. Wells and Conan Doyle did.Note: Jules Verne published his first major sci-fi work Five Weeks in a Balloon in 1862, while H. G. Wells was born in 1866 and started publishing important sci-fi works at the end of the 19th century, and Conan Doyle was born in 1859 and started publishing his Holms stories in the 1880s.He wrote about the marvels of tomorrow with such precise, indisputable detail that he was taken seriously.(para.7)Note the pattern: so/such…that (adverbial clause of result)to take sb./sth. Seriously: to treat sb./sth. as being important and deserving attention or respectParaphrasing: He described the details of things to be invented so accurately and convincingly that people almost forgot that he was writing fiction.Learned societies argued with him. Mathematicians spent weeks checking his figures.(para.7)learned societies: organized groups of scholars.his figures: the numbers and mathematic operations Verne wrote in his booksVerne, who lived to see many of his fancies come true, was matter-of-fact about it all.(para.8)matter-of-fact (about sth.): not showing feelings or emotion, esp. in a situation when emotion would be expected Paraphrasing: Many of the things Verne imagined and described in his novels were invented before he died. But he didn’t seem surprised or complacent at all....his mother was descended from one of the great families of France.(para.9)to be descended from: to be related to a person or group who lived a long time agoThe verb “descend” can be used in other senses, as in:1.The path descends steeply into the valley.2.Jane descended the stairs.3.A feeling of despair descended upon us as we realized that we were lost.4.The demonstrations in the capital soon descended into anarchy.5.I never thought she would descend to stealing.Fortunately for his later admirers, a friend of the family saw him go on board and told the family.(para.9)his later admirers: people who admired him for his works of imaginationParaphrasing: A friend told his family what he had seen, so his father got him home before the ship left. If the friend hadn’t done this, Jules Verne would have had an entirely different life and wouldn’t have become a writer to be admired by so many people later.Jules blurted out the first thing that came into his head.(para.11)to blurt out: to say sth. suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are excited or nervousThe relative clause of a noun that is modified by an ordinal number, a superlative adjective, or words like very, only, few, just, little should be introduced by “that” instead of “which”You could have knocked Jules over with a breadstick.(para.17)to knock sb. over with a breadstick: usually to knock sb. over with a feather, meaning to leave sb. stunned or surprised by sth. extraordinaryParaphrasing: Jules was greatly surprised to find that the man who had invited him to dinner was Dumas the great writer. Since Jules was interested in writing and he was a nobody yet, he must have regarded the great writer as his idol and admired him and could hardly ever expect to have anything to do with the great writer.could have done: indicating unrealized possibilitybreadstick: a crisp stick-shaped bread roll, often served with soupKnowing Dumas confirmed young Verne’s desire to be an author.(para.18)to confirm: to make sb. firm in a belief, an attitude, or to prove that a belief or an opinion which was previously not completely certain is trueNote that “confirm” can used in other senses, as in:1.Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure.2.Six people have confirmed in writing that they will attend the wedding.Paraphrasing: Knowing Dumas, he became firm in his desire to be a writer.Jules, urged on by the older man, made up his mind he would do for geography what Dumas had done for history.(para.18)to urge sb. on: to encourage sb. to do or achieve sth.Paraphrasing: Alexandre Dumas père is best known for his historical novels of high adventures which were full of imagined stories set in various historical backgrounds. Verne also wanted to write great works of imagination, but in a different field—travelling set in various geographical backgrounds. 。