现在完成时用法小结与练习.doc

现在完成时用法小结与练习I 意义：1. 表示过去已经完成或发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 标志词：（1）   already “已经”(用于肯定)； yet “还，已经”（用于否定和疑问）；just “刚刚” before “ ……以前”（2）   ever “ 曾经”（用于问句） 和 never “从未，不曾”（3）   以动作发生次数为标志：如 once , twice , three times , four times , five times ……及several times 等.2. 表示过去已经开始， 一直持续到现在的动作或状态 标志词： （1）for + 一段时间； （2）since +时间点（+一段时间+ago）/ 从句(一般过去时); (3) How long ; (4) 以 so far 为标志 另外还有： these days （这些天）； in/ during the past two years (在过去两年里) ； all one’s life 在某人一生中 since then “从那时起”等II 现在完成时的结构：（1）肯定：主语 + have / has + V（PP）+ 宾语。

I have just finished reading the storybook.. 我刚读完那本故事书 She has already heard of that thing. 她已经听说过那件事情了2） 否定：主语+ have/ has + not + V(pp) + 宾语 I have not visited the Great Wall yet. 我还没有游览过长城 Li Mei has never left home before. 李梅以前从来没有离开过家3）疑问： Have / Has + 主语 + V（PP）+ 宾语 ？Have you ever heard of that thing? 你听说过那件事情吗？Has she ever spoken to an American? 她跟美国人说过话吗？III． 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：1.     现在完成时和现在密切相关， 要么过去发生的动作对现在造成一定影响或结果； 要么动作持续到现在谓语动词：have / has + V(PP)2.     一般过去时则只强调在过去某个时间发生了什么事情和现在没有关系。

标志词：…… ago； yesterday; the day before yesterday(前天) ； last…… ； just now; long long ago; long before 等VI． have been to与 have gone to 易弄混（1）"have been to+地点" 是表示曾去过某地，但此刻不在那儿（即在说话的地方）2）"have gone to+地点" 是表示去某地了，此刻在路上或已经到了那个地方（即不在说话的地方）3)have been in(at)+地点 是表示在某地待了多长时间I have been to Beijing three times.我已经去北京三次了人就在这里）Li Lei has already gone to Beijing.李磊已经去北京了 （人不在这里）We have been in Shanghai for three months. 我们在上海待了三个月了注意：这两个句式后接副词时，需省toE.g. He has gone there.练习题1. He already his exercises. (finish)2. She just back from town. ( come)3. you ever to paris？ （be）4.We the film twice. (see)5. Tom before ？（surf）6. He his homework two hours ago. (finish)7.Li Tao school yesterday. (not go)8. Li Lei back from Huang Shan Mount yet.(get)9. He in this city for over ten years. (work)10. The factory open since 1989. (be)11. He in Xi’an ever since.VII 重点，难点解析： 英语中存在短暂性动词（瞬间性动词）和延续性动词之分； 瞬间动词不能和how long ; for +一段时间； since+时间点（+一段时间+ago）/ 从句(一般过去时); so far 等连用。

1.     常用的非延续性动词有：Come(来)； go（去）； arrive（到达）； reach（到达）； see（看见）； close（关闭）；leave（离开）； begin（开始）； start（开始）； lose（丢失）； buy（买）； fall（落下）； jion（加入）； die（死）； borrow（借）； lend（借）等为非延续性动词2.     常用的延续性动词有：Be（是）； have（有）； know（知道）； live（居住）； work（工作）； study（学习，研究）； learn（学习）； teach（教）；talk（谈话）； draw（画）； wait（等候）； wear（传）；keep（保持）； stay（待着， 停留）等3.     要与一段时间连用， 可将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词1）   来了： come----------have been in/at(待了一段时间)（2）   买： buy----------have （3）   借： borrow-----------keep（4）   回来： come back/get back--------be back（5）   穿： put on-------wear （6）   开始上演：begin/start--------be on/ last（7）   得感冒：catch a cold-------- have a cold（8）   死：die -------be dead（9）   加入：join-------be a member of /be with/ be in（10）离去：leave/ go-------be away（11） 睡着：fall asleep------be asleep（12） 到达：arrive/reach/get-----be in(at)+地点（13）  出去：go out -----be out （14） 得病：fall ill-------be ill练习题： 改错1.这本书我借了两周。

I have borrowed this book for two weeks.2.这辆自行车你买了多长时间了？How long have you bought your bike?3.自从三年前， 他都回来了He has come back since 3 years ago.4.电影在半小时钱已经开始了The film has begun since half an hour.5.他爷爷死了三年了His grandfather has died for three years.现在完成时专练一．      用have been to ,have gone to 或have been in填空1.     –Is LiMing in? – No, he isn’t.-         Where______ he ______? -         He_______ the teacher’s office.-         When will he be back?-         I am sorry. I don’t know. But he _________ the office for over two hours.-         Can you show me the way to the office?-         I am afraid I can’t. I _____ never ________ the office.二．      选择（ ）1. The musician hasn’t been here_________.A. three weeks B. since three weeks C. for three weeks D. about three weeks ( ) 2. I have known him________.A. two years B. for over two years C. two years ago D. last year( ) 3. We haven’t seen him________.A. last week B. for last week C. since last week D. since a week( ) 4. I _____ Tom since he was a little boy. A. knew B. know C. has known D. have known( ) 5. He’s finished his homework, ________?A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. doesn’t he D. wasn’t he( ) 6. How long _____ you ______ a party member?A. have, become B. have, joinedC. have, been D. have, worked( ) 7. Jack has lived in Beijing_______ he came to China.A. when B. since C. before D. for( ) 8. I _______ here since I was born. A. have lived B. have left C. have been to D. have arrived三. 用词的适当形式填空。

1.     I________(lost) my E。