清代武科进士研究.pdf

河北师范大学 硕士学位论文 清代武科进士研究 姓名：王晓勇 申请学位级别：硕士 专业：教育学原理 指导教师：刘虹 20090617 III 摘 要 自隋唐开始的科举制度，对中国封建社会产生了不可估量的作用作为科举制度的 重要组成部分，武科举自唐武则天创立以来，历经唐宋明清四朝，延续一千二百余年， 选拔出了一大批治国安邦的武备人才武进士正是武科举所选人才的杰出代表清代作 为中国封建社会的最后一个王朝，肩负着对封建时代武科举制度继承发展和总结的使 命一方面，清代武科举集历代武科举之大成，其取士之多，质量之高达到了历史的顶 峰，清代武进士在社会生活的多个领域做出了杰出的贡献，另一方面由于清代所处的特 殊历史时代，清晚期由于封建社会落后于时代的发展要求，武进士群体由极盛迅速没落 至最终消亡也备受关注因此，本文选择了清代武科进士这一群体作为研究对象在前 人研究的基础上，将清代武进士置于清代社会发展的大背景下，力图对清代武进士群体 有一个新的认识和定位 本文的主要结构分为四章和绪论： 绪论简要阐明了清代武进士的研究的意义、研究现状以及本文的研究角度和方法 第一章介绍了清之前武科举的嬗变及各代武进士的发展情况， 通过对历代武科举和 武进士的演变考查，透彻、全面地认识武科举取士的发展脉络，为清代武进士的研究提 供参考。

第二章分析清代武进士进身之路，武进士享受的待遇和武进士的社会地位清代武 科举形成了层次明确，结构清晰的四级考试体系，习武士子从布衣到最终成为武进士需 要经历童试、乡试、会试、殿试层层选拔，武进士享受的待遇优厚，无论殿试传胪规模、 赏封银两数量都与文科进士相当，武进士初授官职还会高于文科进士，武进士在中央和 地方的地位也很显赫 第三章论述清代武进士的历史贡献清代武进士的历史贡献主要表现在政治、军事 和社会三个方面：政治贡献体现在中央通过武举殿试控制武进士录取，选拔天子门生， 从而达到强化君权的目的；通过对武进士考试内容上的改革，录取名额分配中注重各地 各族士子的平均，达到广泛笼络习武士子，拔取雄杰勇力之士，扩大统治基础的目的 军事贡献体现在武进士群体中出现一大批优秀的军事将领，在参与镇压各地动乱，保障 统治稳定和抵御外族侵略，维护国家统一中发挥不可忽视的作用社会贡献体现在武进 士在各地任期内除积极练兵、振兴武备外，在改善民生的诸多方面如捐资办学堂，屯田 垦荒，赈济灾民，破除地方陋习中作出表率 IV 第四章论述清代武进士的历史局限性并提出对这一局限性的现实反思 由于清代末 期落后于时代，武进士也不可避免的受到了影响，体现出了与时代不相适应的局限性， 武进士也和整个大清帝国一样步入了下坡路。

外敌强势入侵下，武进士不复当年之勇， 整体陷入了一种无可挽回的没落之中，武进士的局限性也逐步暴露出来：武进士选拔手 段固守着冷兵器时代的标准，不适合时代军事斗争，武进士无法胜任新式战争要求；武 进士录取人数过多，空缺职位有限，致使入仕壅塞现象严重；武科举定位于笼络士子， 导致变革武科举措施不能实行，武进士的影响愈发下降武科举就其本质而言是一种军 事人才选拔制度，武进士则是这一制度下选拔出的最高代表清代的武进士选拔经历了 中前期和后期两个截然不同的阶段，武进士的表现也大相径庭，前期武进士表现出色它 带给我们今天对于人才选拔，特别是军事人才选拔的思考却远远没有结束纵观清代武 进士由极盛转衰直至消亡的得失， 对于我们今天军事人才的选拔主要有以下几点的启示: 首先是武进士选拔内容应该与时俱进，其次是控制好人才选拔的规模，第三是突出军事 人才选拔内容的全面性，第四是重视军事人才的待遇工作 本文的研究对于拓展武科举研究的广度有着重要的启迪作用， 它将有助于我们全面 地认识清代武科举取士的发展脉络，汲取武进士选拔中的经验与教训，为当代军事人才 的选拔提供参考 关键词：清代 武进士 人才选拔 V Abstract Content: The imperial examination had taken an immeasurable effect on the development of the feudalism society since Sui and Tang dynasty . The imperial examination in the provincial military exam was one of the most important element of the imperial exam which was founded by wu zetian . The imperial exam system was lasted for one thousand and two hundred years, which selected a lot of excellent persons who can deal with the state affairs well and keep the national security. the successful candidates in the highest imperial examinations of the provincial military are the outstanding ones. Qing dynasty as the last loyal court of the feudal society had to undertaken the task of inheriting and developing the imperial exam of the feudal society. On one hand, the qing dynasty imperial exam would get some achievement of the successive dynasties. Both quantities and quality of the qing imperial examination had got the summit of the history. The successful military imperial candidates had contributed to the society in many areas. On the other hand, for the special history background in the late of qing dynasty ,the society was behind the demand of the times. Then the successful candidates of military in the imperial exam began to decline , in the last disappeared, which attracted the eyes of people. So ,this paper chose the successful candidates in the highest imperial exam as the objects of our research, which was try to give the successful candidates of the highest imperial exam a new acquaintance and to see the position in history. The whole paper including a introduction and four chapters. The introduction simply show the sense and the way I chose to research the successful candidates of the imperial exam in military. The first chapter introduces the evolution of the imperial exam in military and also tell us the development of the successful candidates. Through the study of the evolution of the imperial exam, the paper give a clear and all around introduction about the development of the imperial exam, which will provide the material for the study of the imperial exam. The second chapter analyses the ways how the successful candidates comes out, the salaries and the social status of them. The qing imperial exams in military was consisted by VI four grade exam system. The practice martial art scholars need four periods that is native exam，the meeting exam and final imperial exam. During the selecting process the common people become to the highest successful candidate at once. The successful candidates of the higest imperial exam in military could get the excellent salaries that are equal to the successful candidates of arts. The first time to give titles to the military candidates maybe higher than the arts ones , the status was also higher than the arts. The third chapter discuss the history achievement of the successful candidates of the imperial exam. The achievements of the military imperial exam are mainly consisted politics ,military and society. The political effect shows the imperial court fasten its monarchical power by controlling the register of the imperial candidates. The court keep the general amount of the candidates through innovating the content of the imperial exam which aimed at getting the support of the scholars that can help the court to strengthen the basis of the imperial . mi。